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Arcade games

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Arcade gaming sales figures.

Arcade gaming industry

Further information: Arcade game
See also: Video game industry, Video games in Japan, and Video games in the United States

By 1988, the three major arcade game manufacturers were Sega, Namco and Taito.[1]

Market revenue

Year Japan [2] United States [3] United Kingdom
2016 ¥573.3 billion ($5.27 billion) $2 billion[4]
2015 ¥573.3 billion ($5.41 billion) $2 billion[5]
2014 ¥637.5 billion ($6.02 billion) $2 billion[6]
2013 ¥637.5 billion ($6.02 billion) $2 billion[7] £275.4 million ($437.14 million)[8]
2012 ¥661.3 billion ($8.29 billion) $2.3 billion[9][10] £275.4 million ($437.14 million)[8]
2011 ¥699.581 billion ($8.77 billion) $1 billion[11] £275.4 million ($444.19 million)[8]
2010 ¥680.9 billion ($8.63 billion) $1.459 billion[12]
2009 ¥773.9 billion ($8.95 billion) $1.492 billion[13]
2008 ¥891.6 billion ($10.08 billion) $1.512 billion[14]
2007 ¥930.961 billion ($9.62 billion) $1.459 billion[15]
2006 ¥926.257 billion ($8.89 billion) $953.2 million[16]
2005 ¥881.727 billion ($8.64 billion) $2.322 billion[17]
2004 ¥829.823 billion ($8.13 billion) $3.5 billion[18]
2003 ¥815.644 billion ($7.86 billion)
2002 ¥760 billion ($6.56 billion) $1.7 billion[3]
2001 ¥737.2 billion ($6.45 billion)
2000 ¥739 billion ($7.27 billion)
1999 ¥806.7 billion ($7.93 billion) $5.7 billion[19]
1998 ¥778.7 billion ($7.13 billion)
1997 ¥810.5 billion ($7.85 billion) $6.5 billion[20]
1996 ¥802.8 billion ($9.89 billion) $8 billion
1995 ¥772.6 billion ($9.52 billion) $4.8 billion
1994 ¥610 billion ($7.51 billion) $7 billion
1993 ¥610 billion ($6.16 billion) $8 billion
1992 ¥640 billion ($6.07 billion) $9 billion £434 million ($870 million)[21]
1991 ¥600 billion ($5.69 billion) $2.1 billion
1990 ¥510 billion ($3.76 billion) $4.9 billion

List of best-selling arcade games

The following lists the arcade games that sold the most arcade hardware units, including arcade cabinets and conversion kits.

List of highest-grossing arcade games

Further information: List of highest-grossing video games
Title Gross
(million US$)
(no inflation) 		Release
year 		Gross
as of
(year) 		Ref Gross
(million US$)
(with inflation)
Japan Pac-Man 5093 1980 1990 [66] 18089
Japan Space Invaders 3702 1978 1982 [66] 16610
Japan Street Fighter II 4245 1991 1994 [67] 9121
Japan Donkey Kong 1744 1981 1982 [68] 5614
Japan World Club Champion Football 2507 2002 2013 [n 6] 4079
United States Ms. Pac-Man 1200 1981 1987 [75][n 7] 3091
United States Asteroids 800 1979 1982 [n 8] 2426
Japan Pole Position (US gross) 579.6 1982 1984 [n 9] 1758
United States Defender 1000 1980 2002 [n 10] 1699
United States NBA Jam 1000 1993 2010 [n 11] 1653
Japan OutRun (hardware sales) 393.06 1986 1993 [85] 1049
Japan Mushiking: The King of Beetles 631.0232 2003 2006 [n 12] 1004
Japan Dance Dance Revolution 516 1998 2005 [88] 926
United States Mortal Kombat 570 1992 2002 [45] 927
Japan Indy 500 / Speedway 96 1969 1980 [64] 766
Japan Sangokushi Taisen 399.3404 2005 2006 [89] 598
Japan Beatmania 310 1997 2000 [n 13] 565
Japan Phoenix (US gross) 157 1980 1982 [n 14] 558
Japan Oshare Majo: Love and Berry 317 2004 2006 [n 15] 491
Japan Dragon Quest: Monster Battle Road 327.2 2007 2008 [91] 462
South Korea Pump It Up 222 1999 2005 [47][92] 390
United States Centipede 115.65 1981 1991 [33] 248
United States Dragon's Lair 68.8 1983 1983 [54][93] 202
Japan StarHorse3 Season I:
A New Legend Begins 		152.4 2011 2013 [n 16] 198
United States Mortal Kombat II 100 1993 1994 [95] 197
Japan Border Break 141 2009 2013 [n 17] 192
Japan Sengoku Taisen 121.44 2010 2013 [n 18] 163
Japan Dig Dug 46.3 1982 1983 [33] 140
United States Tempest 62.408 1981 1991 [33] 134
United States Tron 45 1982 1983 [97] 132

List of best-selling arcade game franchises

See also: List of best-selling video game franchises

These are the combined hardware sales of at least two or more arcade games that are part of the same franchise. This list only includes franchises that have sold at least 10,000 hardware units or grossed at least $100 million revenue.

Franchise Original release year Total hardware units sold Gross revenue
(US$ without inflation) 		Gross revenue
(US$ with 2014 inflation)[98]
Japan Pac-Man 1980 533,412 (up to 1988)[n 19] $5.446 billion (up to 1999)[n 20] $19.3 billion
Japan Space Invaders 1978 500,000 (up to 1990)[22] $3.852 billion (up to 1982)[66] $17.3 billion
Japan Street Fighter 1987 500,000 (up to 2002)[100][101] $4.245 billion (up to 1994)
(Street Fighter II)[67] 		$10.9 billion
(Street Fighter II)
Japan Pac-Man clones 1980 300,000 (up to 2002)[102]
Japan SEGA Model 1992 200,000 (up to 2000)
(Model 2 & 3)[103] 		$3.5 billion (up to 2000)
(Model 2 & 3 hardware sales)[104] 		$7.3 billion
(Model 2 & 3 hardware sales)
Japan Mario 1981 190,800 (up to 1983)[n 21] $1.8904 billion (up to 1982)[68] $6.08 billion
Japan Donkey Kong 1981 187,000 (up to 1983)[68] $1.8904 billion (up to 1982)[68] $6.08 billion
Japan World Club Champion Football 2002 2,479 (2006-2009)[n 23] $2.507 billion (up to 2013)[n 6] $4.08 billion
United States Asteroids 1979 136,437 (up to 1999)[n 24] $850.79 million (up to 1999)[n 25] $1.41 billion
Japan SEGA Model 2 1993 130,000 (up to 1996)[106] $1.95 billion (up to 1996)
(hardware sales)[106] 		$3.95 billion
United States Golden Tee Golf 1989 100,000 (up to 2011)[107]
United States Defender 1981 75,000 (up to 2002)[n 26] $1 billion (up to 2002)[81] $1.63 billion
United States Centipede 1981 65,978 (up to 1991)[n 27] $136.3 million (up to 1991)[n 28] $293 million
United States Mortal Kombat 1992 51,000 (up to 2002)[45] $1 billion (up to 1995)[110] $1.92 billion
Japan Bemani 1997 50,000+ (up to 2003)[n 29] $709.32 million+ (as of 2003)[n 30] $1.29 billion
Japan Galaxian 1979 45,986 (in the US up to 1988)[n 31]
Japan Starhorse 2000 38,734 (up to 2009)[n 32] $212 million (up to 2012)[n 33] $360 million
Japan Dragon Quest: Monster Battle Road 2007 $327.2 million (up to 2008)[91] $462 million
United States Big Buck 2000 33,500 (up to 2010)[n 34]
Japan e-Amusement 2002 32,000 (up to 2004)[115] $1.232 billion (up to 2012)[n 35] $2 billion
Japan Mr. Do! 1982 30,000 (in the US up to 1982)[119]
Japan OutRun 1986 30,000 (up to 1993)[120] $393.06 million (up to 1993)[85]
(hardware sales) 		$1.05 billion
(hardware sales)
Japan SEGA Network Mahjong 2000 25,986 (up to 2006)[n 37] $81.87 million (up to 2012)[n 38] $139 million
Japan Pole Position 1982 24,550 (in the US up to 1983)[n 39] $597 million (up to 1988)
(US hardware sales)[n 40] 		$1.81 billion
Japan Dig Dug 1982 22,228[33] (in the US up to 1983)[52] $46.3 million (up to 1983)[33]
(US hardware sales) 		$140 million
(US hardware sales)
File:Flag of Korea (1899).svg Pump It Up 1999 20,000 (up to 2005)[47] $222 million (up to 2005)[47][122] $390 million
Japan Mushiking 2003 13,500 (up to 2005)[59] $631.0232 million (up to 2006)[n 12] $1 billion
Japan Love and Berry 2004 10,300 (up to 2006)[37] $317 million (up to 2005)[n 15] $491 million
Japan Sangokushi Taisen 2005 9,929 (up to 2008)[n 42] $582.2 million (up to 2011)[n 44] $872 million
United States Pong 1972 8500-19,000[62][63] $11 million (up to 1973)[123] $72.5 million
United States Breakout 1976 15,805 (up to 1999)[57] $17.745 million (up to 1999)[57] $31.2 million
United States Star Wars 1983 14,039 (up to 1991)[33] $9.275 million (up to 1999)[33] $16.3 million
United States Sprint 1976 14,027 (up to 1999)[57] $28.729 million (up to 1999)[57] $50.5 million
United States Sea Wolf 1976 14,000 (up to 2000)[124]
Japan Mahjong Fight Club 2002 13,000 (up to 2004)[125]
United States Gauntlet 1985 11,368 (up to 1991)[33] $20.41 million (up to 1991)[33] $43.9 million
Japan Border Break 2009 2,998 (up to 2009)[41] $141 million (up to 2013)[n 17] $192 million

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Street Fighter II:
    • Street Fighter II': Champion Edition (140,000 in Japan)[24]
    • Street Fighter II: The World Warrior (60,000)[25]
    • Super Street Fighter II (100,000)[26]
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 StarHorse2:
    • From April 2005 to March 2007: 18,079 units
      • StarHorse2: New Generation – 7,819 units from April 2005 to June 2006 (6,020 units in fiscal year ended March 2006,[35] and 1,799 units during April–June 2006)[36]
      • StarHorse2: Second Fusion - 10,260 units from April 2006 to March 2007 (8,105 conversion kits during April–December 2006,[37] and 2,155 body and satellite units in fiscal year ending March 2007)[38]
    • From April 2007 to March 2008: 10,275 units (756 body and satellite units of StarHorse2: Second Fusion during April–September 2007,[39] and 9,519 conversion kits in fiscal year ended March 2008)[40]
    • From April 2009 to December 2009: 10,657 units of StarHorse2: Fifth Expansion[41]
    Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "StarHorse2Sales" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Dance Dance Revolution sales:
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Sega Network Mahjong MJ4:
    • Fiscal year ended March 2008: 10,427[40]
    • Fiscal year ended March 2009: 2,465[61]
    Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MJ4Sales" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ World Club Champion Football: Intercontinental Clubs
    • Fiscal year ended 31 March 2010: ¥4.2 billion[71]
    • Fiscal year ended 31 March 2011: ¥3.8 billion[72]
    • Fiscal year ended 31 March 2012: ¥3.6 billion[73][74]
    • Fiscal year ended 31 March 2013: ¥3.2 billion
    • April-December 2013: ¥2.1 billion
    • Currency conversion: [2] $224 million
      • ¥4.2 billion = $55.4312 million
      • ¥3.8 billion = $50.2 million
      • ¥3.6 billion = $48 million
      • ¥3.2 billion = $42.2333 million
      • ¥2.1 billion = $28 million
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 World Club Champion Football revenue:
    • Card revenues up until January 2009 - $1.901 billion
      • 480 million player cards sold as of January 2009, costing around ¥300 each.[69][70] This brings the total card revenue up to ¥144 billion, equivalent to $1.901 billion.
    • Unit sales revenues from April 2005 to December 2009 - $307.4 million
      • World Club Champion Football: European Clubs 2004–2005 at £90,000 ($189,000) [3] each - $149.4 million
        • 514 units from April 2005 to March 2006: $97.2 million
        • 276 units during April–September 2006: $52.2 million
      • World Club Champion Football: Intercontinental Clubs 2006-2007 - 831 units from June 2008 to March 2009 at £90,000 ($189,000) [4] each = $158 million
    • World Club Champion Football: Intercontinental Clubs revenues from April 2009 to December 2013 - $224 million[n 5]
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 125,000 units[28] at $2800 each[76]
  8. ↑ [77][78]
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Pole Position revenue:
    • US hardware sales as of 1983: $88.2 million (21,000 units[44] at $4200[79] each)
    • US coin revenue in 1984: $491.4 million (21,000 units,[44] with $450 weekly earnings per cabinet)[80]
  10. ↑ [81][82]
  11. ↑ NBA Jam: Over $300 million in 1993,[83] $1 billion by 2010[84]
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Mushiking: King of the Beetles, revenue
    • 420 million cards by December 2006.[86]
    • 478 million cards [5] at 100 yen each[87] = ¥47.8 billion
    • Currency conversion: $631.023102 million [6]
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Beatmania revenue:
    • ¥1 billion in March 1998[48]
      • Yen-Dollar currency conversion: $12.4 million[90]
    • Based on $12.4 million revenue from 1,000 units sold in fiscal year ending March 1998,[48] assuming price of $12,400
      • 25,000 arcade machines at $12,400 each = $310 million
  14. ↑ Phoenix, March 1981 to February 1982: 15,000 arcade cabinets, with $201 weekly earnings per cabinet[58]
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Love and Berry:
    • 240 million[86] 100 yen coins[87] = ¥24 billion
    • Currency conversion: $317 million [7]
  16. ↑ StarHorse3 Season I: A New Legend Begins
    • Three quarters ended December 2011: ¥3.3 billion [8]
    • Fiscal year ended March 2012: ¥10.1 billion[73] (additional ¥6.8 billion)
    • Fiscal year ended March 2013: ¥1.7 billion [9] [94]
    • Currency conversion:
      • ¥3.3 billion in 2011 = $43 million in 2011 [10]
      • ¥6.8 billion in 2012 = $87.2 million in 2012 [11]
      • ¥1.7 billion in 2013 = $22.2 million in 2013 [12]
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Border Break:
    • Fiscal year ended 31 March 2010: ¥3.3 billion[71]
    • Fiscal year ended 31 March 2011: ¥2.5 billion[72]
    • Fiscal year ended 31 March 2012: ¥2.3 billion[73][96]
    • Fiscal year ended 31 March 2013: ¥2 billion
    • April-December 2013: ¥1.2 billion
    • Currency conversion:[90]
      • ¥3.3 billion = $40.7317 million
      • ¥2.5 billion = $30.8542 million
      • ¥2.3 billion = $28.6371 million
      • ¥2 billion = $24.902 million
      • ¥1.2 billion = $14.9411 million
  18. ↑ Sengoku Taisen:
    • Fiscal year ended 31 March 2011: ¥6.4 billion[72]
    • Fiscal year ended 31 March 2012: ¥1.2 billion[73]
    • Fiscal year ended 31 March 2013: ¥2.2 billion
    Currency conversion:[90]
    • ¥6.4 billion = $79.1 million
    • ¥1.2 billion = $14.94 million
    • ¥2.2 billion = $27.4 million
  19. ↑ Pac-Man series:
  20. ↑ Pac-Man series:
  21. ↑ Mario series:
  22. ↑ World Club Champion Football: Intercontinental Clubs
    • World Club Champion Football: Intercontinental Clubs 2006-2007 - 831 units from June 2008 to March 2009[61]
    • World Club Champion Football: Intercontinental Clubs 2008-2009 - 858 units from April 2009 to December 2009[41]
  23. ↑ World Club Champion Football, unit sales:
    • World Club Champion Football: European Clubs 2004-2005 - 514 units in fiscal year ending March 2006[35]
    • World Club Champion Football: European Clubs 2004-2005 Ver. 2 - 276 units during April?September 2006 (240 satellite units during April?June 2006,[105] and 36 body units during April?September 2006)[36]
    • World Club Champion Football: Intercontinental Clubs 2008-2009 - 1,689 units from June 2008 to December 2009[n 22]
  24. ↑ Asteroids series:
    • Asteroids: 100,000[30]
    • Asteroids sequels:[57]
      • Asteroids Deluxe: 22,399
      • Space Duel: 12,038
      • Blasteroids: 2,000
  25. ↑ Asteroids series:
    • Asteroids: $800 million in 1991[77]
    • Asteroids sequels:
      • Asteroids Deluxe: $46.1 million in 1999[57]
      • Blasteroids: $4.69 million in 1991[33]
  26. ↑ Defender series:
  27. ↑ Centipede series:[33][44]
    • Centipede: 55,988
    • Millipede: 9,990
  28. ↑ Centipede series:[33]
    • Centipede: $115.65 million
    • Millipede: $20.669 million
  29. ↑ Bemani series, sales:
    • Beatmania as of 2000: 25,000[46]
    • Dance Dance Revolution as of 2003: at least 25,000[n 3]
  30. ↑ Bemani series, gross revenues:
    • Beatmania as of 2000: estimated $310 million[n 13]
    • Dance Dance Revolution as of 2003: at least $399.32 million[88]
  31. ↑ Galaxian series:
    • Galaxian: 45,000 in the US[34]
    • Galaga '88: 986 in the US[33]
  32. ↑ StarHorse series:
    • Starhorse Progress - 120 in fiscal year ended March 2005[111]
    • StarHorse2 - 38,614 up to 2009[n 2]
  33. ↑ Starhorse series, 2009-2011:
    • Starhorse2 - $59.321 million[n 2]
  34. ↑ Big Buck series:
    • Big Buck Hunter series sales up until April 2007: 22,500 units, including 7,500 Big Buck Hunter Pro units.[112]
    • Series sales after April 2007 until September 2009: additional 2,500 Big Buck Hunter Pro units and 5,500 Big Buck Safari units.[113]
    • Big Buck Hunter Pro: Open Season sales from September 2009 to January 2010: 3,000 units[114]
  35. ↑ e-Amusement revenue:
    • April 2009 to March 2010: ¥39 billion[116]
    • April 2010 to March 2011: ¥28.3 billion[116]
    • April 2011 to March 2012: ¥25.5 billion[117]
    • April 2012 to June 2012: ¥3.8 billion[118]
    • Currency conversion:[90]
      • ¥39 billion = $497.5124 million in 2010
      • ¥28.3 billion = $361.0154 million in 2011
      • ¥25.5 billion = $325.2966 million in 2012
      • ¥3.8 billion = $48.4756 million in 2012
  36. ↑ SEGA Network Mahjong MJ2:
    • April 2004 to March 2005: 4,984[111]
    • April 2005 to June 2005: 502[121]
  37. ↑ SEGA Network Mahjong MJ series:
    • SEGA Network Mahjong MJ2 from April 2004 to June 2005: 5,486 units[n 36]
    • SEGA Network Mahjong MJ3 from April 2005 to March 2006: 7,608 units[35]
    • SEGA Network Mahjong MJ4 from April 2007 to March 2009: 12,892[n 4]
  38. ↑ SEGA Network Mahjong MJ series, 2009-2012:
    • SEGA Network Mahjong MJ4: $47 million in fiscal year 2010[n 4]
  39. ↑ Pole Position series US sales:
    • Pole Position: 21,000[44]
    • Pole Position sequels:[33]
      • Pole Position II: 2,400
      • Final Lap: 1,150
  40. ↑ Pole Position series US sales:[33][44]
    • Pole Position: $579.6 million (hardware sales & coin revenue) by 1983[n 9]
    • Pole Position II: $7.43 million (hardware sales) in 1983
    • Final Lap: $9.5 million (hardware sales) by 1988
  41. ↑ Sangokushi Taisen unit sales:
    • As of March 2005: 421[111]
    • April 2005 to March 2006: 1,521[35]
  42. ↑ Sangokushi Taisen series:
    • Sales from January 2005 to September 2006: 5,153 units
      • Sangokushi Taisen from January 2005 to March 2006: 1,942 units[n 41]
      • Sangokushi Taisen 2 during April-September 2006: 3,211 units[36]
    • Sales from April 2007 to March 2008: 4,776
      • 166 body units of Sangokushi Taisen 2 during April-September 2007[39]
      • 4,610 satellite units of Sangokushi Taisen from April 2007 to March 2008[40]
  43. ↑ Sangokushi Taisen 2:
    • 3,211 units during April?September 2006.[36]
    • 830 units during April?September 2007.[39]
  44. ↑ Sangokushi Taisen series revenue:
    • Sangokushi Taisen, 2005-2006: $399.3404 million[89]
    • Sangokushi Taisen 2, 2006-2007: $7 million[n 43]

References

  1. ↑ Business Japan, Volume 33, Issues 7-12 (1988), page 121 – "On the other hand, Taito (Presii dent: Keisuke Hasegawa; main office, Tokyo); Sega Enterprises (President: Hayao Nakayama; main office, Tokyo) and Namco (President: Masaya Nakamura: main office, Tokyo), the three major manufacturers of commercial video game equipment for game centers, are enjoying favorable sales and earnings."
  2. ↑ Video games in Japan
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Video games in the United States
  4. ↑ http://www.ibisworld.com/industry/default.aspx?indid=1647
  5. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160306230715/www.ibisworld.com/industry/default.aspx?indid=1647
  6. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20140530160545/www.ibisworld.com/industry/default.aspx?indid=1647
  7. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20140530160545/www.ibisworld.com/industry/default.aspx?indid=1647
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 http://www.g3newswire.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/UKMarketReport-Yudu.pdf
  9. ↑ http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/11/prweb10116526.htm
  10. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160306230727/lgdata.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/docs/19/778757/71312iExpert__1_.pdf
  11. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120322093028/www.ibisworld.com/industry/default.aspx?indid=1647
  12. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110303113514/www.ibisworld.com/industry/default.aspx?indid=1647
  13. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20100314130702/www.ibisworld.com/industry/default.aspx?indid=1647
  14. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20090912195454/www.ibisworld.com/industry/retail.aspx?indid=1647&chid=1
  15. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080521082842/www.ibisworld.com/industry/retail.aspx?indid=1647&chid=1
  16. ↑ https://www.statista.com/statistics/200655/sales-of-us-coin-operated-videogames-since-2006/
  17. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20060831163602/www.ibisworld.com/industry/retail.aspx?indtid=1644&indpid=1644&indid=1647&chid=1
  18. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20130121161620/www.bmigaming.com/arcade-industry-facts.htm
  19. ↑ https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=94813&page=1
  20. ↑ https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/131612/developing_games_for_coinop.php
  21. ↑ Video games in Europe
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Space Invaders arcade machine sales
    • Worldwide: 500,000 cabinets
    • Japan: 350,000 cabinets
      • Kubey, Craig (April 1982). The winners' book of video games. pp. 63-4. http://www.digitpress.com/library/books/book_winners_book_of_video_games.pdf. "Space Invaders. It is the Muhammad Ali of the video game world. It is the Greatest. The biggest seller in the history of the world. The best game ever for the year it was introduced. The game that revitalized the industry and changed it forever. The game that made the industry the monster it is today. The game that not only was an unprecedented success as a coin-op machine, but also the game that launched a home video version that became the biggest seller of all time. Space Invaders drove an entire nation mad. You may think the last sentence refers to the United States: Space Invaders did outsell the previous US leader—Pong of Sea Wolf, take your pick— by six to one (60,000 to 10,000). But if the United States was an eight on the scale of video craziness, Japan was an eleven. Space Invaders created a shortage of the hundred-yen coin. [...] The biggest seller in the history of the United States—Pac-Man—has sold about 100,000 units of the legal Midway version. That's in a country with a 1980 population of 226 million. Japan's 1980 population was about 117 million, or about half that of the United States. In Japan alone, approximately 350,000 Space Invaders machines were sold, about one for every 330 citizens!"
    • United States: 72,000 cabinets
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Kao, John J. (1989). Entrepreneurship, creativity & organization: text, cases & readings. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. p. 45. ISBN 0-13-283011-6. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=P-MJAQAAMAAJ. Retrieved 12 February 2012. "Estimates counted 7 billion coins that by 1982 had been inserted into some 400,000 Pac Man machines worldwide, equal to one game of Pac Man for every person on earth. US domestic revenues from games and licensing of the Pac Man image for T-shirts, pop songs, to wastepaper baskets, etc. exceeded $1 billion."
  24. ↑ Ste Curran (2004), Game plan: great designs that changed the face of computer gaming, Rotovision, p. 38, ISBN 2-88046-696-2, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TXcWlWkIZ0AC&pg=PA38, retrieved 2011-04-11, "When Street Fighter II′ (pronounced street fighter two dash) was released just a short time later, it sold around 140,000 units, at ¥160.000 (c. US $1300 / £820) each. The figures were beyond massive — they were simply unheard of. Capcom's Titanic wasn't sinking. Anything but. The game was a runaway success in its territory of choice, bringing Western gamers as much joy as it had in the East."
  25. ↑ Steven L. Kent (2001), The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World, Prima, p. 446, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=C2MH05ogU9oC, retrieved 2011-04-09, "Capcom will not release the final numbers, but some outsiders have estimated that more than 60,000 Street Fighter II arcade machines were sold worldwide."
  26. ↑ [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HqC0AAAAIAAJ&q=super+street+fighter+ii Japan Company Handbook: Second section, Issues 1-2, Toyo Keizai Shinposha, 1994, page 758] – "Sales of "Street Fighter II Turbo' aimed at 4.2 mil units, and commercial-use "Super Street Fighter II" at 100,000 units in current term."
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Donkey Kong cabinet sales:
    • Japan: 65,000 of Donkey Kong
    • United States: 87,000 of Donkey Kong and Crazy Kong
      • United States: 67,000 of Donkey Kong
        • Bienaimé, Pierre (January 13, 2012). Square Roots: Donkey Kong (NES). Nintendojo. Retrieved on 8 April 2012. “Donkey Kong sold some 67,000 arcade cabinets in two years, making two of its American distributors sudden millionaires thanks to paid commission. As a barometer of success, know that Pac-Man and Ms. Pac-Man are the only arcade games to have sold over 100,000 units in the United States.”
      • United States: 20,000 of Crazy Kong (licensed release of Donkey Kong)
    • United States: 30,000 of Donkey Kong Jr. and 5000 of Donkey Kong 3
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 "Bally Will Quit Making Pinball, Video Machines". Toledo Blade: p. 22. July 11, 1988. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4FtQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kw4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6893,2823984. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Mark J. P. Wolf (2001), The medium of the video game, University of Texas Press, p. 44, ISBN 0-292-79150-X, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lKZriBxbcwQC&pg=PA44, retrieved 2011-04-09
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Steve L. Kent (2001), The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, Prima, p. 132, ISBN 0-7615-3643-4, "Atari sold more than 70,000 Asteroids machines in the United States. The game did not do as well in Europe and Asia, however. Only about 30,000 units were sold overseas."
  31. ↑ Sellers, John (2001). Arcade fever: the fan's guide to the golden age of video games. Philadelphia: Running Press. p. 51. ISBN 0-7624-0937-1. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8_3TjWRSLuAC. Retrieved 25 February 2012. "Williams sold around 60,000 units of Defender, easily the company's most successful game."
  32. ↑ Steven L. Kent (2001), The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World, Prima, p. 147, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=C2MH05ogU9oC, retrieved 2011-04-09, "Defender was Williams Electronics' biggest seller. More than 55,000 units were placed worldwide."
  33. ↑ 33.00 33.01 33.02 33.03 33.04 33.05 33.06 33.07 33.08 33.09 33.10 33.11 33.12 33.13 33.14 33.15 33.16 33.17 33.18 33.19 33.20 Atari Production Numbers Memo. Atari Games (4 January 2010). Retrieved on 18 March 2012.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 https://archive.org/stream/Video_Games_Volume_1_Number_03_1982-12_Pumpkin_Press_US#page/n53/mode/2up
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 FY Ending March 2006: Full Year Results Presentation. Sega Sammy Holdings (16 May 2006). Retrieved on 17 May 2012. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sega_mar06" defined multiple times with different content
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 FY 2007: Interim Results (April–September 2006) 11–13. Sega Sammy Holdings (November 10, 2006). Retrieved on 18 May 2012. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sega_sep06" defined multiple times with different content
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 Fiscal Year Ending March 2007: 3rd Quarter Results (April–December 2006) 11–13. Sega Sammy Holdings (February 7, 2007). Retrieved on 19 May 2012. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sega_dec06" defined multiple times with different content
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Fiscal Year Ended March 2007: Full Year Results. Sega Sammy Holdings (May 14, 2007). Retrieved on 17 May 2012.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 Fiscal Year 2008: Interim Results. Sega Sammy Holdings (November 12, 2007). Retrieved on 19 May 2012.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 Segment Results: Amusement Machines. FY 2008: Full Year Results (Ending March 2008). Sega Sammy Holdings (May 15, 2008). Retrieved on 19 May 2012. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sega_mar08" defined multiple times with different content
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Appendix of Consolidated Financial Statements 9 Months Ended December 31, 2009. Sega Sammy Holdings (February 5, 2010). Retrieved on 13 April 2012.
  42. ↑ Steve L. Kent (2001), The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, Prima, p. 352, ISBN 0-7615-3643-4, "In 1982, Universal Sales made arcade history with a game called Mr Do! Instead of selling dedicated Mr Do! machines, Universal sold the game as a kit. The kit came with a customized control panel, a computer board with Mr Do! read-only memory (ROM) chips, stickers that could be placed on the side of stand-up arcade machines for art, and a plastic marquee. It was the first game ever sold as a conversion only. According to former Universal Sales western regional sales manager Joe Morici, the company sold approximately 30,000 copies of the game in the United States alone."
  43. ↑ Mean Machines Sega, issue 22 (August 1994), page 92, published July 1994
  44. ↑ 44.00 44.01 44.02 44.03 44.04 44.05 44.06 44.07 44.08 44.09 44.10 Fujihara, Mary (1983-11-02). Inter Office Memo. Atari. Retrieved on 18 March 2012.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 Horwitz, Jeremy (July 8, 2002). "Technology: Mortal Apathy?". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/08/technology/08MIDW.html. Retrieved 4 March 2012. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "nytimes2002" defined multiple times with different content
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 Beals, Gregory (December 11, 2000). "Kings of Cool". Newsweek. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NWEC&p_theme=nwec&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EC05F8B217664C7&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 19 April 2012. "Konami has sold 25,000 Beatmania machines in three years. In the arcade industry, selling 1000 units is considered a success."
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 Pump It Up: Exceed drops to PS2 / Xbox. Punch Jump Crew (September 8, 2005). Retrieved on 18 March 2012.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 (Special Feature: Music Simulation Games Rock the Market. Annual Report. Konami (1999). Archived from the original on 25 June 2004. Retrieved on 6 March 2012.)
  49. ↑ Steve L. Kent (2001). The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world. Prima. p. 224. ISBN 0-7615-3643-4. "Gottlieb sold approximately 25,000 Q*Bert arcade machines."
  50. ↑ Steven L. Kent (2001), The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World, Prima, p. 352, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=C2MH05ogU9oC, retrieved 2011-04-09, "With more than 60,000 units sold in the United States, Donkey Kong was Nintendo's biggest arcade hit. ... Nintendo released Donkey Kong Junior in 1982 and sold only 30,000 machines, 20,000 Popeye machines (also 1982), and a mere 5000 copies of Donkey J (1983)."
  51. ↑ Fulton, Jeff Fulton, Steve; Steve Fulton (2010). "A short history of Missile Command". The essential guide to Flash games : building interactive entertainment with ActionScript 3.0 (New ed. ed.). [Berkeley, Calif.]: Friends of ED. p. 138. ISBN 1-4302-2614-5. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VCR7XYUncEsC&pg=PA138. Retrieved 7 February 2012. "While certainly not the size of Asteroids, the game was still a huge hit with almost 20,000 units sold."
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Fujihara, Mary (1983-07-25). Inter Office Memo. Atari. Retrieved on 18 March 2012.
  53. ↑ What Was The Best-Selling U.S. Arcade Video Game Prior to Space Invaders?, The Golden Age Arcade Historian
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Steve L. Kent (2001), The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, Prima, p. 225, ISBN 0-7615-3643-4, "Cinematronics sold more than 16,000 Dragon's Lair machines in 1983, for an average price of $4300. Coleco purchased the home rights to the game, giving Cinematronics an additional $2 million."
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Stern Production Numbers and More CCI Photos (1 May 2012). Retrieved on 21 July 2013.
  56. ↑ Stern Electronics, Inc. v. Kaufman, 669 F.2d 852 (2nd Cir. 1982)
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 57.4 57.5 57.6 57.7 Production Numbers. Atari (1999). Retrieved on 19 March 2012.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 How to Win Video Games. Pocket Books. 1982. pp. 87. ISBN 0-671-45841-8. https://archive.org/stream/book_how_to_win_video_games#page/n87/mode/2up.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 FY Ending March 2006: Interim Results Presentation (April–September 2005). Sega Sammy Holdings (22 November 2005). Retrieved on 17 May 2012.
  60. ↑ FY2005 Third Quarter Financial Results (April–December 2004). Konami (January 27, 2005). Archived from the original on 2006-01-16. Retrieved on 20 April 2012.
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 Segment Results: Amusement Machine. Fiscal Year 2009: Full Year Results (Ending March 2009). Sega Sammy Holdings (May 14, 2009). Retrieved on 19 May 2012. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sega_mar09" defined multiple times with different content
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 "Business 1974: Industry: Space Age Pinball, Atari's PONG", Time, 1983-10-05, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,952086,00.html, retrieved 2011-04-21, "Typical of the new games is Pong, a popular version of electronic table tennis manufactured by two-year-old Atari, Inc. (estimated fiscal 1974 revenue: $14 million) of Los Gatos, Calif. Atari sold some 8,500 games to U.S. amusement parlors and other businesses last year."
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Ashley S. Lipson & Robert D. Brain (2009), Computer and Video Game Law: Cases and Materials, Carolina Academic Press, p. 9, ISBN 1-59460-488-6, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IxNDAQAAIAAJ, retrieved 2011-04-11, "Atari eventually sold more than 19,000 Pong machines, giving rise to many imitations. Pong made its first appearance in 1972 at "Andy Capp's," a small bar in Sunnyvale, California, where the video game was literally "overplayed" as eager customers tried to cram quarters into an already heavily overloaded coin slot."
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 Kasco and the Electro-Mechanical Golden Age
  65. ↑ Steven L. Kent (2000), The first quarter: a 25-year history of video games, BWD Press, p. 83, ISBN 0-9704755-0-0, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ny-CAAAAMAAJ, retrieved 2011-04-09, "Sea Wolf, which was another creation of Dave Nutting, did solid business, selling more than 10,000 machines."
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 66.3 List of highest-grossing video games
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Street Fighter
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 68.4 Donkey Kong
  69. ↑ AOU 2009 - Sega World Club Champion Football Intercontinental Clubs 2007-2008. AOU Amusement Expo 2009. DigInfo TV (2 March 2009). Retrieved on 18 May 2012.
  70. ↑ Sports Gaming in Japan: World Club Champion Football. GameSpot (22 September 2009). Retrieved on 18 May 2012.
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Appendix of Consolidated Financial Statements: Year Ended March 31, 2010. Sega Sammy Holdings (14 May 2010). Retrieved on 13 April 2012.
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 Appendix of Consolidated Financial Statements: Year Ended March 31, 2011. Sega Sammy Holdings (13 May 2011). Retrieved on 13 April 2012.
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 Appendix of Consolidated Financial Statements: Year Ended March 31, 2012. Sega Sammy Holdings (11 May 2012). Retrieved on 17 May 2012.
  74. ↑ Appendix of Consolidated Financial Statements: 9 Months Ended December 31, 2011. Sega Sammy Holdings (3 February 2012). Retrieved on 13 April 2012.
  75. ↑ http://mentalfloss.com/article/63019/11-fun-facts-about-ms-pac-man
  76. ↑ Infoworld Media Group (April 12, 1982). Video arcades rival Broadway theatre and girlie shows in NY. InfoWorld. Retrieved on May 1, 2011.
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 Gottschalk, S. (1995). "Videology: Video-Games as Postmodern Sites/Sights of Ideological Reproduction". Symbolic Interaction 18 (1). http://cdclv.unlv.edu/archives/interactionism/gottschalk/video.html. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
  78. ↑ "At+$2000+a+unit,+Atari+has+made+about+$140+million+from+that+game+alone" "Forbes , Volume 127". Forbes: 102. 1981. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6y68AAAAIAAJ&q="At+$2000+a+unit,+Atari+has+made+about+$140+million+from+that+game+alone". Retrieved 25 February 2012. "At $2000 a unit, Atari has made about $140 million from that game alone."
  79. ↑ Thomas A. Defanti (1984), The Mass Impact of Videogame Technology, page 25
  80. ↑ Thomas A. Defanti (1984), The Mass Impact of Videogame Technology, page 13
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 Morrison, Michael (2002). Sams teach yourself game programming in 24 hours (1. printing. ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Sams Publishing. p. 2. ISBN 0-672-32461-X. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=herTOT2QVWoC&pg=PP2. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  82. ↑ Mark J. P. Wolf, The video game explosion: a history from PONG to Playstation and beyond, ABC-CLIO, p. 104, ISBN 031333868X, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XiM0ntMybNwC&pg=PA104, retrieved 2011-04-19
  83. ↑ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=49wvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dfwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4448,1185138
  84. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20130630134059/www.computerandvideogames.com/268241/obama-bush-beastie-boys-star-in-nba-jam/
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 30,000 units at (£7000) ($13,102) each
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 Carless, Simon (29 March 2007). Uemura – Sega's Hidden Game Design Power?. GameSetWatch. Retrieved on 17 May 2012.
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 Ashcraft, Brian (14 October 2005). How Sega Reels in Girls. Kotaku. Retrieved on 17 May 2012.
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 Dance Dance Revolution revenues:
    • $24 million+ in United States by 2003 (Balauag, Miguel (2004). Dance Dance Revolution: A True Revolution. Stanford University. Retrieved on 20 April 2012.)
      • 1192 locations x $15,000 as of 2002 = $18 million+
      • Additional 380 locations x $15,000 in 2003 = $6 million+
    • Remaining 23,428+ units at £9995 ($21,000) each = $492 million+
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 Sangokushi Taisen revenue: [13][14]
    • 500,000 users registered with starter packs at 500 yen each = ¥250 million = $3.30033 million [15]
    • 100 million cards at 300 yen each = ¥30 billion = $396.04 million [16]
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 90.2 90.3 Currency Conversion. XE.com. Retrieved on April 13, 2012.
  91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 Dragon Quest
  92. ↑ 20,000 machines at $11,095 [17] each
  93. ↑ Rick Dyer: Biography. AllGame. Retrieved on 2011-04-10.
  94. ↑ FY Ending March 2013: 1st Quarter Results Presentation (Ended June 2012). Sega Sammy Holdings (1 August 2012). Retrieved on 2 September 2012.
  95. ↑ http://www.deseretnews.com/article/347090/VIDEO-ARCADES-HANGOUT-CHOICE-OF-A-NEW-GENERATION.html
  96. ↑ Appendix of Consolidated Financial Statements 6 Months Ended September 30, 2011. Sega Sammy Holdings (31 October 2011). Retrieved on 13 April 2012.
  97. ↑ Jack B. Rochester & John Gantz (1983), The naked computer: a layperson's almanac of computer lore, wizardry, personalities, memorabilia, world records, mind blowers, and tomfoolery, William Morrow and Company, p. 164, ISBN 0-688-02450-5, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=walFAAAAYAAJ, retrieved 20 April 2011, "Although the Disney Studios expected to make over $400 million from this siliconic extravaganza, our source at Variety tells us that its North American rentals were $15 million and estimated total gross, $30 million. The arcade game Tron, made by Bally, grossed more."
  98. ↑ CPI Inflation Calculator. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved on 22 February 2012.
  99. ↑ http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.co.uk/2012/10/video-gamepinball-combinations.html
  100. ↑ "Call-it Entertainment, Inc. Partners with Capcom to Launch Street Fighter Wireless Game Series". Business Wire. 16 May 2002. http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/news/2002/137/news9.html. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  101. ↑ "Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008", Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition (Guinness World Records): p. 77, 2008, ISBN 1-904994-21-0, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OJQFSlyMEfAC, retrieved 9 April 2011, "Street Fighter has sold over 25 million console games and 500,000 arcade units generating more than a billion dollars in revenue."
  102. ↑ Leonard Herman, Jer Horwitz, Steve Kent, Skyler Miller (2002). The History of Video Games. GameSpot. Retrieved on 14 March 2012.
  103. ↑ http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/TimLenoir/MilitaryEntertainmentComplex.htm
  104. ↑ 200,000 units at average $17,500 ($15,000 [18] [19] to $20,000 [20]) each
  105. ↑ Segment Results: Amusement Machines. FY 2007: 1st Quarter Results (April?June 2006). SEGA Sammy Holdings (28 July 2006). Retrieved on 18 May 2012.
  106. ↑ 106.0 106.1 130,000 units [21] [22] at $15,000 each [23] [24]
  107. ↑ What is Golden Tee?. Incredible Technologies.
  108. ↑ Sellers, John (2001). Arcade fever: the fan's guide to the golden age of video games. Philadelphia: Running Press. p. 51. ISBN 0-7624-0937-1. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8_3TjWRSLuAC. Retrieved 25 February 2012. "Williams sold around 60,000 units of Defender, easily the company's most successful game."
  109. ↑ Steven L. Kent (2001), The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World, Prima, p. 147, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=C2MH05ogU9oC, retrieved 9 April 2011, "Defender was Williams Electronics' biggest seller. More than 55,000 units were placed worldwide."
  110. ↑ Sickinger, Ted (6 November 1995). "The year of Mortal Kombat". The Kansas City Star: p. 1. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=KC&p_theme=kc&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF423FC2FB96A0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 4 March 2012. "More than 1 billion quarters have dropped through its slots since 1992. The first two home versions sold more than 10 million copies at $50 and $60 apiece."
  111. ↑ 111.0 111.1 111.2 FY2004 Financial Results (for the year ended March 31, 2005). SEGA Sammy Holdings (25 May 2005). Retrieved on 17 May 2012.
  112. ↑ Strang, Katie (24 April 2007). "Shootout at the local pub: Big Buck Hunter is a hit". The Arizona Republic. http://www.azcentral.com/ent/vgames/articles/0424shooter-CR.html. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  113. ↑ Big Buck SafariR Reaches Two Milestones!. Raw Thrills (1 September 2009). Retrieved on 19 May 2012.
  114. ↑ Shaggy (7 January 2010). Big Buck Hunter Open Season pushes 3000 units in 90 days. Arcade Heroes. Retrieved on 16 June 2012.
  115. ↑ 3rd quarter of FY2005: Summary of Financial Results. Konami (January 2005). Archived from the original on 7 March 2005. Retrieved on 20 April 2012.
  116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 FY2011 Financial Results: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2011. Konami (May 12, 2011). Retrieved on 2 September 2012.
  117. ↑ FY2012 Financial Results: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2012. Konami (May 10, 2012). Retrieved on 2 September 2012.
  118. ↑ FY2013 Financial Results: April 1 - June 30, 2012. Konami (August 2, 2012). Retrieved on 2 September 2012.
  119. ↑ Steve L. Kent (2001), The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokemon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, Prima, p. 352, ISBN 0-7615-3643-4, "In 1982, Universal Sales made arcade history with a game called Mr Do! Instead of selling dedicated Mr Do! machines, Universal sold the game as a kit. The kit came with a customized control panel, a computer board with Mr Do! read-only memory (ROM) chips, stickers that could be placed on the side of stand-up arcade machines for art, and a plastic marquee. It was the first game ever sold as a conversion only. According to former Universal Sales western regional sales manager Joe Morici, the company sold approximately 30,000 copies of the game in the United States alone."
  120. ↑ Mean Machines SEGA, issue 22 (August 1994), page 92, published July 1994
  121. ↑ FY2005 1Q Results: Amusement Machine Sales. FY2005 1Q Business Results (April?June 2005). SEGA Sammy Holdings (4 August 2005). Retrieved on 18 May 2012.
  122. ↑ 20,000 machines at $11,095 [25] each
  123. ↑ Barack, Lauren (8 May 2003). "In Blast From the Past, Atari Video Games Plan a Return". New York Post: p. 34. "It's first hit game, "Pong," launched in 1972, made $11 million in revenue in just one year." (Link)
  124. ↑ Steven L. Kent (2000), The first quarter: a 25-year history of video games, BWD Press, p. 83, ISBN 0-9704755-0-0, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ny-CAAAAMAAJ, retrieved 9 April 2011, "Sea Wolf, which was another creation of Dave Nutting, did solid business, selling more than 10,000 machines."
  125. ↑ FY2005 Third quarter Financial Results (April?December 2004). Konami (27 January 2005). Archived from the original on 16 January 2006. Retrieved on 20 April 2012.

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