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1983

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In 1983, major events include the video game crash of 1983 in North America and the third generation of video game consoles beginning with the launch of Nintendo's Famicom (NES) and Sega's SG-1000 in Japan.

The year's highest‑grossing video game was the arcade racing blockbuster Pole Position, the third year in a row for a Namco arcade game. In the home market, the year's best-selling home system was Nintendo's Game & Watch for the fourth year in a row while the best-selling home video game was Donkey Kong.

Financial performance[]

Following the peak of 1982, a major shakeout of the North American video game industry, called the video game crash of 1983, began in 1983. By 1985, annual console game sales collapsed to just $100 million in North America.[1] The US computer industry was also negatively impacted in 1983, though not to the same extent as game consoles.[2]

The following table lists the annual sales and revenue generated by the electronic games industry in 1983, including video games and electro‑mechanical games. See sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.

Industry Products Market Unit sales
(est.) 		Annual revenue (est.) Ref
Nominal Inflation
Electronic games United States 104,410,752+ $9,633,610,000 $29,000,000,000
Arcade games Worldwide 393,752+ $9,423,000,000 $29,000,000,000
Arcade Arcade games United States 393,752[3][4] $7,100,000,000 $22,000,000,000 [3][5][6]
Japan — $2,200,000,000 $6,700,000,000 [7][8]
Arcade video games United Kingdom — $123,000,000 $390,000,000 [9][10]
Electro‑mechanical games United States 43,752 $1,000,000,000 $3,100,000,000
Video games Worldwide 174,650,000+ $13,223,000,000 $40,000,000,000
Arcade Arcade video games United States 350,000[11][4] $6,100,000,000 $19,000,000,000 [3][5][6]
Japan — $2,200,000,000 $6,700,000,000 [7][8]
United Kingdom — $123,000,000 $390,000,000 [9][10]
Worldwide 350,000+ $8,423,000,000 $26,000,000,000
Console Video game consoles United States 6,650,000 $600,000,000 $1,700,000,000 [12][13]
Japan 1,210,000+ — — [14]
United Kingdom — $33,000,000 $101,000,000 [10]
Worldwide 7,860,000+ — —
Console game cartridges United States 75,000,000 $1,400,000,000 $3,200,000,000 [15]
Japan 50,000,000 $1,100,000,000 $3,400,000,000 [16][17]
United Kingdom 1,000,000 $21,000,000 $64,000,000 [10][18]
Console market United States 81,650,000 $2,160,000,000 $6,600,000,000
Japan 56,650,000 $1,700,000,000 $5,200,000,000 [19][20]
United Kingdom 1,000,000+ $50,000,000 $150,000,000 [10][18]
Worldwide 139,300,000 $3,910,000,000 $12,000,000,000
Handheld Handheld LCD games Japan 5,300,000+ $250,000,000 $760,000,000 [21][19]
United Kingdom — $68,000,000 $210,000,000 [10]
United States 2,367,000+ $23,610,000 $72,000,000 [12]
Worldwide 13,000,000 $500,000,000 $1,500,000,000 [22][23]
Computer Computer games United States 20,000,000 $350,000,000 $1,100,000,000 [13][12]
Japan 2,000,000 $40,000,000 $120,000,000 [24][n 1]
Worldwide 22,000,000+ $390,000,000 $1,200,000,000
Video games United States 104,367,000 $8,633,610,000 $26,000,000,000
Japan 63,950,000 $4,550,000,000 $14,000,000,000
United Kingdom 1,000,000+ $246,000,000 $780,000,000 [10][9]
Electronic games Worldwide 174,693,752+ $14,223,000,000 $44,000,000,000

Highest-grossing video games[]

The following titles were the highest-grossing video games worldwide in 1983, including arcade and home video games. See sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.

Rank Title Company Worldwide revenue (est.) Revenue breakdown (est.) Genre
Nominal Inflation Arcade Home
1 Pole Position Namco $680,000,000 $2,100,000,000 $650,000,000 $28,000,000 Racing
2 Ms. Pac-Man Namco $640,000,000 $2,000,000,000 $570,000,000 $70,000,000 Maze
3 Donkey Kong Nintendo $510,000,000 $1,600,000,000 $240,000,000 $270,000,000 Platformer
4 Champion Baseball / II Sega $320,000,000 $1,000,000,000 $320,000,000 — Sports
5 Mr. Do! Universal $310,000,000 $950,000,000 $300,000,000 $10,000,000 Maze
6 Galaga Namco $300,000,000 $920,000,000 $300,000,000 — Shmup
7 Donkey Kong Jr. Nintendo $260,000,000 $800,000,000 $120,000,000 $140,000,000 Platformer
8 Dragon's Lair Cinematron $240,000,000 $730,000,000 $240,000,000 — FMV
9 Q*bert Gottlieb $220,000,000 $670,000,000 $200,000,000 $23,000,000 Puzzle
10 Frogger Konami $190,000,000 $580,000,000 $120,000,000 $73,000,000 Action
Mario Bros. Nintendo $190,000,000 $580,000,000 $68,000,000 $120,000,000 Platformer
Joust Williams $190,000,000 $580,000,000 $190,000,000 $2,000,000 Action
13 Pac-Man Namco $170,000,000 $520,000,000 $100,000,000 $65,000,000 Maze
14 Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom Sega $160,000,000 $490,000,000 $160,000,000 — TPS
Time Pilot Konami $160,000,000 $490,000,000 $140,000,000 $24,000,000 Shmup
16 Popeye Nintendo $150,000,000 $460,000,000 $120,000,000 $34,000,000 Platformer
17 Dig Dug Namco $140,000,000 $430,000,000 $130,000,000 $5,300,000 Maze
Jungle King (Jungle Hunt) Taito $140,000,000 $430,000,000 $120,000,000 $17,000,000 Platformer
Bagman Valadon $140,000,000 $430,000,000 $140,000,000 — Platformer
20 Gyruss Konami $130,000,000 $400,000,000 $130,000,000 — TPS
Space Invaders Taito $130,000,000 $400,000,000 $110,000,000 $15,000,000 Shmup
22 Bump 'n' Jump Data East $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $120,000,000 — Driving
BurgerTime (Hamburger) Data East $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $100,000,000 $24,000,000 Platformer
Nibbler Rock-Ola $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $120,000,000 — Snake
25 Millipede Atari $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $120,000,000 — Shmup
Super Pac-Man Namco $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $120,000,000 — Maze

Highest-grossing arcade games[]

Pole Position, a racing game by Namco, was the highest-grossing arcade game in 1983.[25] The following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games worldwide in 1983. See sub-sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.

Rank Title Company Worldwide revenue (est.) Revenue breakdown (est.) Genre
Nominal Inflation Japan USA
1 Pole Position Namco $650,000,000 $2,000,000,000 $68,000,000 $580,000,000 Racing
2 Ms. Pac-Man Namco $570,000,000 $1,700,000,000 — $570,000,000 Maze
3 Champion Baseball / II Sega $320,000,000 $1,000,000,000 $320,000,000 — Sports
4 Galaga Namco $300,000,000 $920,000,000 $56,000,000 $240,000,000 Shmup
Mr. Do! Universal $300,000,000 $920,000,000 $26,000,000 $270,000,000 Maze
6 Donkey Kong Nintendo $240,000,000 $730,000,000 $3,000,000 $240,000,000 Platformer
Dragon's Lair Cinematron $240,000,000 $730,000,000 — $240,000,000 FMV
8 Q*bert Gottlieb $200,000,000 $610,000,000 — $200,000,000 Puzzle
9 Joust Williams $190,000,000 $580,000,000 — $190,000,000 Action
10 Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom Sega $160,000,000 $490,000,000 $42,000,000 $120,000,000 TPS
11 Bagman Valadon $140,000,000 $430,000,000 $18,000,000 $120,000,000 Platformer
Time Pilot Konami $140,000,000 $430,000,000 $20,000,000 $120,000,000 Shmup
13 Dig Dug Namco $130,000,000 $400,000,000 $6,000,000 $120,000,000 Maze
Gyruss Konami $130,000,000 $400,000,000 $13,000,000 $120,000,000 TPS
15 Bump 'n' Jump Data East $120,000,000 $370,000,000 — $120,000,000 Driving
Jungle King (Jungle Hunt) Taito $120,000,000 $370,000,000 — $120,000,000 Platformer
Millipede Atari $120,000,000 $370,000,000 — $120,000,000 Shmup
Nibbler Rock-Ola $120,000,000 $370,000,000 — $120,000,000 Snake
19 Donkey Kong Jr. Nintendo $120,000,000 $370,000,000 — $120,000,000 Platformer
Frogger Konami $120,000,000 $370,000,000 — $120,000,000 Action
Popeye Nintendo $120,000,000 $370,000,000 — $120,000,000 Platformer
Super Pac-Man Namco $120,000,000 $370,000,000 — $120,000,000 Maze
24 Front Line Taito $110,000,000 $340,000,000 $15,000,000 $92,000,000 Shooter
Xevious Namco $110,000,000 $340,000,000 $63,000,000 $45,000,000 Shmup
25 BurgerTime / Hamburger Data East $100,000,000 $310,000,000 $18,000,000 $86,000,000 Platformer
Pac-Man Namco $100,000,000 $310,000,000 $3,000,000 $100,000,000 Maze
Robotron: 2084 Williams $100,000,000 $310,000,000 — $100,000,000 Shmup
Space Invaders Taito $100,000,000 $310,000,000 — $100,000,000
Tron Midway $100,000,000 $310,000,000 — $100,000,000 Action
Turbo Sega $100,000,000 $310,000,000 $24,000,000 $80,000,000 Racing

Japan[]

In Japan, the following titles were the year's highest-grossing arcade games.

Rank Title Company Date
[26][27] 		Points Units (est.)
[n 2][28] 		Coin drop earnings
(est.)[n 3] 		Genre
1 Champion Baseball [29][30][31] Sega 1983-03 110 25,000 $300,000,000 Sports
2 Astron Belt [32] Sega 1983-03 108 10,000 $70,000,000 TPS
3 Pole Position Namco 1982-09 105 10,000 $68,000,000 Racing
4 Xevious Namco 1982-12 96.8 10,000 $63,000,000 Shmup
5 Birdie King 2 Taito 1983-04 86.3 10,000 $56,000,000 Sports
6 Galaga Namco 1981-07 86.1 10,000 $56,000,000 Shmup
7 Zippy Race (MotoRace USA) Irem 1983-03 77.0 8,000 $50,000,000 Racing
8 Jangou Nichibutsu 1983-02 76.3 8,000 $50,000,000 Mahjong
9 Jantotsu Sanritsu 1983-04 76.0 8,000 $49,000,000
10 Elevator Action Taito 1983-05 75.6 8,000 $49,000,000 Platformer
11 T.T. Mahjong Taito 1981[33] 74.4 7,000 $48,000,000 Mahjong
12 Mappy Namco 1983-03 73.8 7,000 $48,000,000 Platformer
13 Hana Awase Seta 1982[34] 67.1 7,000 $44,000,000 Hanafuda
14 Mario Bros. Nintendo 1983-06 65.4 7,000 $43,000,000 Platformer
15 Zoom 909 (Buck Rogers) Sega 1982-11 64.5 6,000 $42,000,000 TPS
16 Atama no Taisō Unienter 1983-04 58.9 6,000 $38,000,000 Puzzle
17 Star Jacker Sega 1983-06 55.9 6,000 $36,000,000 Shmup
18 Ultra Quiz Taito 1983-09 54.9 5,000 $36,000,000 Quiz
19 Pengo Sega 1982-09 54.6 5,000 $35,000,000 Puzzle
20 Battle Cruiser M-12 Sigma 1983-07 53.1 5,000 $35,000,000 Shmup
21 Mahjong Kyoshitsu SNK 1983-04 52.6 5,000 $34,000,000 Mahjong
22 Hanafuda Seta 1982[35] 44.8 4,000 $29,000,000 Hanafuda
23 Mr. Do! Universal 1982-09 40.6 4,000 $26,000,000 Maze
24 Exerion Jaleco 1983-09 38.9 4,000 $25,000,000 Shmup
25 Shōgi Alpha 1980-09 37.4 4,000 $24,000,000 Chess
26 Turbo Sega 1981-10 37.4 4,000 $24,000,000 Racing
27 Star Wars Atari 1983-05 37.2 4,000 $24,000,000 Shmup
28 Bio-Attack Taito 1983-04 34.4 3,000 $22,000,000
29 Pole Position II Namco 1983-06 34.1 3,000 $22,000,000 Racing
30 Champion Baseball II Sega 1983-08 34.0 3,000 $22,000,000 Sports
Grand Champion Taito 1981-06 34.0 3,000 $22,000,000 Racing
32 Laser Grand Prix Taito 1983-07 33.1 3,000 $22,000,000 Racing
33 Pro Soccer Data East 1983-06 32.7 3,000 $21,000,000 Sports
34 Espial Orca / GGI 1983-06 32.5 3,000 $21,000,000 Shmup
35 Time Pilot Konami 1982-11 30.7 3,000 $20,000,000
36 Genma Taisen (Bega's Battle) Data East 1983-06 29.7 3,000 $19,000,000 TPS
37 Strike Bowling Taito 1982-05 29.6 3,000 $19,000,000 Sports
38 Bagman Taito 1983-05 28.4 3,000 $18,000,000 Platformer
39 Daifugou Seta 1983-03 27.9 3,000 $18,000,000 Card
40 Sindbad Mystery Sega 1983-07 27.7 3,000 $18,000,000 Maze
41 Arabian Sun 1983-06 27.7 3,000 $18,000,000 Platformer
42 Hamburger (BurgerTime) Data East 1982-08 27.6 3,000 $18,000,000
43 Joshi Volleyball (Big Spikers) Taito 1983-10 27.4 3,000 $18,000,000 Sports
44 Hyper Olympic (Track & Field)[36] Konami 1983-09 26.3 38,000 $17,000,000
45 Pac & Pal Namco 1983-06 25.3 3,000 $16,000,000 Maze
46 Genma Tarot Data East 1983-06 24.5 2,000 $16,000,000 Card
47 Mr. Do vs. Unicorns Universal 1983-09 24.3 2,000 $16,000,000 Platformer
48 Front Line Taito 1982-11 23.8 2,000 $15,000,000 Shooter
49 Pro Tennis Data East 1982-05 23.4 2,000 $15,000,000 Sports
50 Monaco GP Sega 1979-11 22.8 20,000 $15,000,000 Racing
51 Stinger Seibu 1983-09 22.0 2,000 $14,000,000 Shmup
52 Mr. Jong Sanritsu 1983-03 19.9 2,000 $13,000,000 Puzzle
53 Gyruss Konami 1983-03 19.7 2,000 $13,000,000 TPS
54 Hanaputer Nichibutsu 1982[37] 19.4 2,000 $13,000,000 Hanafuda
55 Koi Koi Sanritsu 1982[34] 19.2 2,000 $12,000,000 Mahjong
56 Exciting Soccer Alpha 1983-10 18.3 2,000 $12,000,000 Sports
57 TX-1 Namco 1983-10 18.2 2,000 $12,000,000 Racing
58 Galaxian Namco 1979-09 17.5 100,000 $11,000,000 Shmup
59 Gomoku Narabe Nichibutsu 1982-02 17.4 2,000 $11,000,000 Gomoku
60 Sky Lancer Orca 1983-01 15.7 2,000 $10,000,000 Shooter
61 Donkey Kong 3 Nintendo 1983-09 15.2 2,000 $10,000,000 Platformer
62 Video Hustler Konami 1981-07 14.7 1,000 $10,000,000 Sports
63 Pro Bowling Data East 1983-03 14.2 1,000 $9,000,000
64 Jongputer Sanritsu 1981 13.7 1,000 $9,000,000 Mahjong
Pachi Fever Sanki 1983-09 13.7 1,000 $9,000,000 Pachinko
66 Crystal Castles Atari 1983-12 13.0 1,000 $8,000,000 Maze
67 Up'n Down Sega 1983-09 11.8 1,000 $8,000,000 Driving
68 Phozon Namco 1983-08 11.4 1,000 $7,000,000 Puzzle
69 Super Doubles Tennis Data East 1983-05 11.3 1,000 $7,000,000 Sports
70 Quiz Jump Sanritsu 1983-10 11.0 1,000 $7,000,000 Quiz
71 Tropical Angel Irem 1983-09 10.5 1,000 $7,000,000 Racing
72 Futari Mahjong Ron II Sanritsu 1981 10.3 1,000 $7,000,000 Mahjong
Highway Race Taito 1983-04 10.3 1,000 $7,000,000 Racing
Space Invaders Bally 1980 10.3 1,000 $7,000,000 Pinball
75 Mr. & Mrs. Pac-Man Bally 1982 10.0 1,000 $7,000,000 Pinball
76 Graplop Data East 1983-06 9.85 1,000 $6,000,000 Block
77 Top Roller Jaleco 1983-10 9.53 1,000 $6,000,000 Racing
78 10-Yard Fight Irem 1983-12 9.00 1,000 $6,000,000 Sports
79 Zeroize Data East 1983-10 8.99 1,000 $6,000,000 Driving
80 Pro Golf Data East 1981-08 8.75 10,000 $6,000,000 Sports
81 Dig Dug Namco 1982-02 8.54 1,000 $6,000,000 Maze
82 Yamato Sega 1983-03 8.83 1,000 $6,000,000 TPS
83 Water Ski Taito 1983-09 8.10 1,000 $5,000,000 Sports
84 Senjyo Tehkan 1983-11 6.50 1,000 $4,000,000 FPS
85 Tip Top (Congo Bongo) Sega 1983-02 6.33 1,000 $4,000,000 Platformer
86 Zaxxon Sega 1981-12 6.00 1,000 $4,000,000 Shmup
Mouser UPL 1982-12 6.00 1,000 $4,000,000 Platformer
Dacholer Nichibutsu 1983-10 6.00 1,000 $4,000,000 Action
89 Super Rider Taito 1983-01 5.33 1,000 $3,000,000 Racing
90 Ponpoko Sigma 1982-11 5.00 1,000 $3,000,000 Platformer
Saturn Jaleco 1983-08 5.00 1,000 $3,000,000 Shmup
Hopper Robo Sega 1983-08 5.00 1,000 $3,000,000 Platformer
Atama no Taisou II Unienter 1983-09 5.00 1,000 $3,000,000 Puzzle
94 Pac-Man Namco 1980-05 4.75 100,000 $3,000,000 Maze
95 Jangou Night Nichibutsu 1983-10 4.66 500 $3,000,000 Mahjong
96 Tac/Scan Sega 1982-09 4.50 500 $3,000,000 Shmup
Bosconian Namco 1981-11 4.50 2,000 $3,000,000 Shmup
98 Donkey Kong Nintendo 1981-07 4.40 65,000 $3,000,000 Platformer
Jump Coaster Taito 1983-01 4.40 400 $3,000,000
Total 2,994 700,000+[38] $2,200,000,000[7][8]

Game Machine provided the following earning figures in terms of points.

Title Company Date
[26][27] 		Points
5/15
[39] 		6/15
[40] 		7/1
[41] 		7/15
[42] 		8/1
[43] 		8/15
[44] 		9/1
[45] 		9/15
[46] 		10/1
[47] 		10/15
[48] 		11/1
[49] 		11/15
[50] 		12/1
[51] 		12/15
[52] 		1/1
[53] 		Total
Champion Baseball Sega 1983-03 8.89 8.15 7.85 7.75 7.47 7.20 7.45 6.85 6.57 6.63 5.76 5.77 5.44 5.16 4.90 109
Astron Belt Sega 1983-03 8.83 8.43 8.25 8.10 8.00 7.78 8.05 7.00 7.11 6.83 6.00 6.06 5.92 5.73 5.50 108
Pole Position Namco 1982-09 8.41 7.78 7.38 7.45 7.45 7.43 7.40 7.04 6.95 7.19 6.42 6.16 6.05 5.85 6.12 105
Xevious Namco 1982-12 7.55 7.33 7.04 6.80 6.86 6.78 6.78 6.39 6.18 6.09 6.04 5.93 5.47 5.72 5.81 96.8
Birdie King 2 Taito 1983-04 6.37 6.71 5.87 6.28 6.25 6.14 5.75 5.85 5.50 5.71 4.66 5.25 4.50 5.57 5.85 86.3
Galaga Namco 1981-07 6.26 6.26 5.77 5.94 6.26 6.27 6.11 5.94 5.38 5.88 5.15 5.00 5.06 5.33 5.45 86.1
Zippy Race Irem 1983-03 — — 6.50 7.71 7.31 7.20 6.95 6.42 5.85 5.76 5.05 4.70 4.70 4.47 4.40 77.0
Jangou Nichibutsu 1983-02 6.33 6.00 5.57 5.44 5.73 5.75 5.43 4.62 4.40 4.78 4.27 4.57 4.53 4.50 4.38 76.3
Jantotsu Sanritsu 1983-04 6.20 5.00 5.30 5.10 5.45 5.12 5.70 4.80 4.42 5.25 5.14 4.75 4.60 4.28 4.84 76.0
Elevator Action Taito 1983-05 — — — — 9.00 8.33 7.80 7.26 7.09 7.22 6.27 5.78 5.59 5.58 5.71 75.6
T.T. Mahjong Taito 1981[33] 6.00 6.33 5.16 5.20 5.33 5.66 5.75 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 — 5.00 5.00 74.4
Mappy Namco 1983-03 7.00 6.50 5.86 5.75 5.81 5.88 5.41 4.65 4.84 4.93 4.46 4.23 4.08 — 4.37 73.8
Hana Awase Seta 1982[34] 5.77 6.40 5.33 4.75 5.14 5.00 6.00 5.00 — 5.50 4.25 5.00 4.50 — 4.50 67.1
Mario Bros. Nintendo 1983-06 — — — 6.00 6.53 6.33 6.31 5.81 6.05 6.05 5.55 5.75 5.60 5.46 — 65.4
Zoom 909 Sega 1982-11 6.25 5.85 5.54 5.54 5.66 5.80 5.80 4.81 5.33 5.25 4.55 — — — 4.14 64.5
Atama no Taisō Unienter 1983-04 — 7.28 6.88 6.50 6.25 5.92 6.00 5.40 5.20 4.78 4.69 — — — — 58.9
Star Jacker Sega 1983-06 — 6.25 5.50 5.75 5.60 5.55 4.83 4.50 4.71 4.66 4.00 4.50 — — — 55.9
Ultra Quiz Taito 1983-09 — — — — — — — 7.33 7.00 7.00 7.00 6.50 7.00 5.80 7.28 54.9
Pengo Sega 1982-09 5.88 5.60 5.25 5.12 5.11 4.88 4.60 4.46 4.62 4.78 4.25 — — — — 54.6
Battle Cruiser M-12 Sigma 1983-07 — — — — — 7.50 6.28 5.14 5.71 5.37 4.57 5.00 4.57 4.42 4.50 53.1
Mahjong Kyoshitsu SNK 1983-04 — 5.44 5.60 4.87 5.12 5.00 4.85 — 4.00 4.14 4.60 — — 4.75 4.20 52.6
Hanafuda Seta 1982[35] 6.00 4.75 — 5.00 — — — 5.00 5.00 — 5.00 5.00 4.50 4.50 — 44.8
Mr. Do! Universal 1982-09 — 4.62 4.60 4.58 4.45 — — 4.50 — 4.33 — 4.50 4.25 — 4.80 40.6
Exerion Jaleco 1983-09 — — — — — — — — — — 9.00 7.91 7.26 7.26 7.45 38.9
Shōgi Alpha 1980-09 — — 4.85 4.44 — 4.42 5.14 — — 4.16 4.44 4.60 — 5.33 — 37.4
Turbo Sega 1981-10 4.66 4.66 5.25 — 4.60 — 4.75 4.50 4.33 — — — 4.66 — — 37.4
Star Wars Atari 1983-05 — — — — — — — — — — 7.25 7.75 7.85 7.20 7.18 37.2
Bio-Attack Taito 1983-04 5.66 6.00 4.66 4.80 4.42 — 4.33 — — 4.50 — — — — — 34.4
Pole Position II Namco 1983-06 — — — — — — — — — — — 8.50 8.75 8.50 8.30 34.1
Champion Baseball II Sega 1983-08 — — — — — — — — 7.66 — 5.88 5.70 5.25 4.83 4.70 34.0
Grand Champion Taito 1981-06 5.16 5.00 4.83 — — 5.00 — 4.50 4.75 4.75 — — — — — 34.0
Laser Grand Prix Taito 1983-07 — — — — — — — — — — — 9.00 8.72 7.46 7.89 33.1
Pro Soccer Data East 1983-06 — — — — — — — 6.83 6.36 6.28 4.70 4.45 4.11 — — 32.7
Espial Orca / GGI 1983-06 — — 6.44 5.37 6.00 5.20 5.20 — — 4.33 — — — — — 32.5
Time Pilot Konami 1982-11 5.62 5.53 5.18 4.80 5.13 — — 4.40 — — — — — — — 30.7
Genma Taisen Data East 1983-06 — — — — — — — — — — 6.50 6.33 5.66 5.50 5.66 29.7
Strike Bowling Taito 1982-05 5.62 5.50 4.50 4.85 4.33 — — — — — — — — 4.75 — 29.6
Bagman Taito 1983-05 — 6.00 6.14 6.28 5.00 5.00 — — — — — — — — — 28.4
Daifugou Seta 1983-03 5.50 4.58 — 4.44 — 4.42 4.50 — — 4.50 — — — — — 27.9
Sindbad Mystery Sega 1983-07 — — — 7.00 5.85 5.44 4.88 — — — — — — 4.50 — 27.7
Arabian Sun 1983-06 — — — 4.50 5.00 5.16 — 4.71 — 4.33 — 4.00 — — — 27.7
Hamburger Data East 1982-08 — 4.60 — — — — — 4.75 5.00 4.25 — — 4.50 4.50 — 27.6
Joshi Volleyball Taito 1983-10 — — — — — — — — — — — 7.86 7.45 6.27 5.81 27.4
Hyper Olympic Konami 1983-09 — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.00 8.64 8.61 26.3
Pac & Pal Namco 1983-06 — — — — — 6.66 5.00 5.62 — — 4.00 4.00 — — — 25.3
Genma Tarot Data East 1983-06 — — — — — — — — — 7.00 5.66 5.33 — 6.50 — 24.5
Mr. Do vs Unicorns Universal 1983-09 — — — — — — — — 4.50 — 6.00 5.00 4.40 4.40 — 24.3
Front Line Taito 1982-11 5.56 4.81 4.56 4.47 — — 4.41 — — — — — — — — 23.8
Pro Tennis Data East 1982-05 — — — — 4.60 5.00 4.50 5.00 — 4.25 — — — — — 23.4
Monaco GP Sega 1979-11 — — — 4.60 4 5.00 — 4.83 4.40 — — — — — — 22.8
Stinger Seibu 1983-09 — — — — — — — — — — — 5.85 6.00 5.57 4.57 22.0
Mr. Jong Sanritsu 1983-03 5.42 5.50 4.66 — — — 4.33 — — — — — — — — 19.9
Gyruss Konami 1983-03 — — 5.60 5.09 4.44 4.54 — — — — — — — — — 19.7
Hanaputer Nichibutsu 1982[37] 6.00 — — 4.25 — — — — 4.66 — — — — 4.50 — 19.4
Koi Koi Sanritsu 1982[34] 6.00 — 4.50 — 4.40 — — — — — — — — — 4.25 19.2
Exciting Soccer Alpha 1983-10 — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.60 6.00 5.72 18.3
TX-1 Namco 1983-10 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.33 8.83 18.2
Galaxian Namco 1979-09 — — — — — 4.41 — 4.71 4.22 — — — — — 4.12 17.5
Gomoku Narabe Nichibutsu 1982-02 — — — — 4.33 — — 4.50 — — — 4.25 — — 4.33 17.4
Sky Lancer Orca 1983-01 6.00 5.00 4.66 — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.7
Donkey Kong 3 Nintendo 1983-09 — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.00 5.20 5.00 15.2
Video Hustler Konami 1981-07 5.00 — 5.00 — 4.66 — — — — — — — — — — 14.7
Pro Bowling Data East 1983-03 5.30 4.61 — — — — — — — — — — 4.33 — — 14.2
Jongputer Sanritsu 1981 — 4.80 — — 4.35 — 4.54 — — — — — — — — 13.7
Pachi Fever Sanki 1983-09 — — — — — — — — — — — 5.00 4.30 4.40 — 13.7
Crystal Castles Atari 1983-12 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.00 6.00 13.0
Up'n Down Sega 1983-09 — — — — — — — — — — — 6.53 5.25 — — 11.8
Phozon Namco 1983-08 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.66 4.75 11.4
Super Doubles Tennis Data East 1983-05 — — — — — — — — — — — 6.14 5.15 — — 11.3
Quiz Jump Sanritsu 1983-10 — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.00 5.00 — 11.0
Tropical Angel Irem 1983-09 — — — — — — — — — — — 5.60 4.91 — — 10.5
Ron II / Ron 2 Sanritsu 1981 5.00 5.33 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10.3
Highway Race Taito 1983-04 — 5.60 4.71 — — — — — — — — — — — — 10.3
Space Invaders Bally 1980 — — — 5.00 — 5.33 — — — — — — — — — 10.3
Mr & Mrs Pac-Man Bally 1982 5.00 5.00 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10.0
Graplop Data East 1983-06 — — — — 5.00 4.85 — — — — — — — — — 9.85
Top Roller Jaleco 1983-10 — — — — — — — — — 5.00 4.53 — — — — 9.53
10-Yard Fight Irem 1983-12 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.00 9.00
Zeroize Data East 1983-10 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.71 4.28 8.99
Pro Golf Data East 1981-08 — — — — — — — — 4.50 — — 4.25 — — — 8.75
Dig Dug Namco 1982-02 — 4.54 — — — — — — 4.00 — — — — — — 8.54
Yamato Sega 1983-03 — — 4.50 — — — 4.33 — — — — — — — — 8.83
Water Ski Taito 1983-09 — — — — — — — — 3.66 — 4.44 — — — — 8.10
Senjyo Tehkan 1983-11 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.50 6.50
Tip Top Sega 1983-02 — 6.33 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.33
Zaxxon Sega 1981-12 6.00 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.00
Mouser UPL 1982-12 6.00 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.00
Dacholer Nichibutsu 1983-10 — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.00 — — 6.00
Super Rider Taito 1983-01 — 5.33 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.33
Ponpoko Sigma 1982-11 — — — — — 5.00 — — — — — — — — — 5.00
Saturn Jaleco 1983-08 — — — — — — — — — — 5.00 — — — — 5.00
Hopper Robo Sega 1983-08 — — — — — — — — — — — 5.00 — — — 5.00
Atama no Taisou II Unienter 1983-09 — — — — — — — — — 5.00 — — — — — 5.00
Pac-Man Namco 1980-05 — — — — — — — 4.75 — — — — — — — 4.75
Jangou Night Nichibutsu 1983-10 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.66 4.66
Tac/Scan Sega 1982-09 — — 4.50 — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.50
Bosconian Namco 1981-11 — — — — — 4.50 — — — — — — — — — 4.50
Donkey Kong Nintendo 1971-07 — — — — — — — — 4.40 — — — — — — 4.40
Jump Coaster Taito 1983-01 — — 4.40 — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.40
Annual 2,993

United States[]

In the United States, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games in 1983. See tables below for breakdown of revenue estimates.

Rank Title Company Release Gross revenue (est.) Revenue breakdown (est.)
Nominal Inflation Unit sales Coin drop
1 Pole Position [54][55][56] Namco 1982-11[57] $580,000,000 $1,800,000,000 $88,000,000 $490,000,000
2 Ms. Pac-Man [58] Namco 1982-02[59] $570,000,000 $1,700,000,000 $66,000,000 $500,000,000
3 Mr. Do! [60] Universal 1982-12 $270,000,000 $830,000,000 $21,000,000 $250,000,000
4 Dragon's Lair [61][60][58] Cinematron 1983-07[62] $240,000,000 $730,000,000 $32,000,000 $210,000,000
5 Donkey Kong [55] Nintendo 1981-07[63] $240,000,000 $730,000,000 — $240,000,000
Galaga [55] Namco 1981-10[64] $240,000,000 $730,000,000 $20,000,000 $220,000,000
7 Q*bert [55] Gottlieb 1982-10 $200,000,000 $610,000,000 — $200,000,000
8 Joust [55] Williams 1982-10[65] $190,000,000 $580,000,000 — $190,000,000
9 Jungle King (Jungle Hunt)[55] Taito 1982-08[66] $120,000,000 $370,000,000 — $120,000,000
Time Pilot [55] Konami 1982-12[67] $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $20,000,000 $100,000,000
Bump 'n' Jump [55] Data East 1982-12 $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $12,000,000 $100,000,000
Bagman [55] Valadon 1983-02[68] $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $4,800,000 $100,000,000
Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom[55] Sega 1982-11 $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $5,000,000 $100,000,000
Nibbler [55] Rock-Ola 1982-10 $120,000,000 $370,000,000 — $100,000,000
Millipede [58] Atari 1982-11 $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $21,000,000 $100,000,000
16 Popeye Nintendo 1982-11 $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $30,000,000 $100,000,000
Super Pac-Man Namco 1982-11[68] $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $30,000,000 $100,000,000
Gyruss Konami 1983-03[69] $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $12,036,030 $110,000,000
Frogger Sega 1981-09[70] $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $20,000,000 $100,000,000
Donkey Kong Jr. Nintendo 1982-06[71] $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $10,000,000 $110,000,000
Dig Dug Namco 1982-04[57] $120,000,000 $370,000,000 $4,000,000 $115,000,000
22 Pac-Man Namco 1980-10 $100,000,000 $310,000,000 — $100,000,000
Space Invaders Taito 1978-10 $100,000,000 $310,000,000 — $100,000,000
Robotron: 2084 Williams 1982-03[72] $100,000,000 $310,000,000 — $100,000,000
Tron Midway 1982-08[73] $100,000,000 $310,000,000 — $100,000,000
26 Front Line Taito 1982-11 $92,000,000 $280,000,000 $18,000,000 $74,000,000
27 Baby Pac-Man Namco 1982-10 $90,000,000 $280,000,000 $20,000,000 $70,000,000
28 Cliff Hanger TMS 1983-09[74] $90,000,000 $280,000,000 $24,000,000 $66,000,000
29 BurgerTime Data East 1982-11 $86,000,000 $260,000,000 $20,000,000 $66,000,000
Star Trek Sega 1983-01 $86,000,000 $260,000,000 $18,000,000 $68,000,000
31 Turbo Sega 1982-01[75] $80,000,000 $240,000,000 — $80,000,000
32 SubRoc-3D Sega 1982-03[76] $75,000,000 $230,000,000 $14,000,000 $61,000,000
33 Moon Patrol Irem 1982-08[75] $69,000,000 $210,000,000 — $69,000,000
34 Pac-Man Plus Namco 1983-03[77] $65,000,000 $200,000,000 $20,000,000 $45,000,000
35 Tutankham Konami 1982-07[78] $63,000,000 $190,000,000 — $63,000,000
36 Xevious Namco 1983-02[57] $45,000,000 $140,000,000 $11,000,000 $34,000,000
37 Super Zaxxon Sega 1982-11[79] $43,000,000 $130,000,000 $10,000,000 $33,000,000
38 Satan's Hollow Midway 1982-10 $40,000,000 $120,000,000 — $40,000,000
39 Naughty Boy Jaleco 1982-05[75] $32,000,000 $98,000,000 — $32,000,000
40 Track & Field Konami 1983-10[80] $28,000,000 $86,000,000 $11,483,024 $17,000,000
41 Zoo Keeper Taito 1983-03[81] $26,000,000 $80,000,000 $7,500,000 $18,000,000
42 Mario Bros. Nintendo 1983-03[82] $25,000,000 $76,000,000 $7,600,000 $17,000,000
43 Mappy Namco 1983-04 $24,000,000 $73,000,000 $10,000,000 $14,000,000
44 Pole Position II Namco 1983-10 $21,400,000 $65,000,000 $7,400,000 $14,000,000
45 Monster Bash Sega 1982-11[83] $21,000,000 $64,000,000 $5,000,000 $16,000,000
Congo Bongo (Tip Top) Sega 1983-03 $21,000,000 $64,000,000 $5,000,000 $16,000,000
47 Star Wars Atari 1983-05[57] $17,000,000 $52,000,000 $7,000,000 $10,000,000
Sinistar Williams 1983-02 $17,000,000 $52,000,000 $4,000,000 $13,000,000
Tac/Scan Sega 1982-09[79] $17,000,000 $52,000,000 — $17,000,000
50 Donkey Kong 3 Nintendo 1983-10 $15,000,000 $46,000,000 $10,000,000 $4,600,000
Super Rider Taito 1983-06[84] $15,000,000 $46,000,000 $5,000,000 $10,000,000
Domino Man Bally 1983-01[85] $15,000,000 $46,000,000 $4,000,000 $11,000,000
53 Pengo Sega 1982-10[86] $13,000,000 $40,000,000 — $13,000,000
Blue Print Zilec 1982-11[87] $13,000,000 $40,000,000 — $13,000,000
55 Space Ace Cinematron 1983-12[88] $12,000,000 $37,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000
Lazarian Zaccaria 1981 $12,000,000 $37,000,000 — $12,000,000
57 Arabian Sun Denshi 1983-05[57] $11,000,000 $34,000,000 $4,000,000 $6,600,000
58 Food Fight Atari 1983-03[57] $6,500,000 $20,000,000 $2,000,000 $4,500,000
Mad Planets Gottlieb 1983-03[89] $6,500,000 $20,000,000 $2,000,000 $4,500,000
60 Liberator Atari 1982-11[57] $4,800,000 $15,000,000 — $4,800,000
61 Guzzler Tehkan 1983-04[80] $4,200,000 $13,000,000 $553,007 $3,600,000
62 Munch Mobile SNK 1983-03[80] $3,300,000 $10,000,000 $390,358 $2,900,000
Slither GDI 1982-08[90] $3,300,000 $10,000,000 — $3,300,000
64 Quantum Atari 1982-11[57] $3,100,000 $9,000,000 — $3,100,000
65 Aztarac Centuri 1983-09[80] $1,200,000 $4,000,000 $422,888 $760,000
Electro-mechanical
1 Whac-A-Mole (Mogura Taiji) TOGO 1977 $49,000,000 $150,000,000 — $49,000,000
2 Skee-Ball Skee-Ball 1947[91] $47,000,000 $140,000,000 — $47,000,000
3 Chexx ICE 1982-11[92] $47,000,000 $140,000,000 — $47,000,000
4 Mr. & Mrs. Pac-Man Bally 1982-04[93] $39,000,000 $119,000,000 — $39,000,000
5 Mini Skee-Ball Skee-Ball 1970[94] $15,000,000 $46,000,000 — $15,000,000
6 High Ball Norton 1982-11[95] $14,000,000 $43,000,000 — $14,000,000
7 Boom Ball Meltec 1980[96] $12,000,000 $37,000,000 — $12,000,000

The following table gives a breakdown of revenue estimates.

Title Company Release Annual unit sales (est.)[31][97] Annual coin drop earnings (est.)[98]
Units[98] Revenue[5] Ref Units[98][31] Per unit Gross[n 4]
Pole Position [54][55][56] Namco 1982-11[57] 21,000[81] $88,000,000 [99] 21,000 $23,300 $490,000,000
Ms. Pac-Man [58] Namco 1982-02[59] 35,000[100] $66,000,000 [100] 70,000 $7,500 $500,000,000
Mr. Do! [60] Universal 1982-12 30,000[4] $21,000,000 [6] 30,000 $8,400 $250,000,000
Dragon's Lair [61][60][58] Cinematron 1983-07[62] 16,000[101] $32,000,000 [102] 16,000 $13,000 $210,000,000
Donkey Kong [55] Nintendo 1981-07[63] — — 40,000+ $6,200 $240,000,000
Galaga [55] Namco 1981-10[64] 10,000[100] $20,000,000 30,000 $7,500 $220,000,000
Q*bert [55] Gottlieb 1982-10 — — 25,000[103] $8,200 $200,000,000
Joust [55] Williams 1982-10[65] — — 26,000[104] $7,300 $190,000,000
Jungle King (Jungle Hunt)[55] Taito 1982-08[66] — — 18,000[105] $6,700 $120,000,000
Time Pilot [55] Konami 1982-12[67] 10,000+ $20,000,000 [106] 10,000+ $8,700 $100,000,000
Bump 'n' Jump [55] Data East 1982-12 6,000+ $12,000,000 [107] 2,500+ — $100,000,000
Bagman [55] Valadon 1983-02[68] 3,200[81] $4,800,000 [108] 3,200+ — $100,000,000
Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom[55] Sega 1982-11 2,500+ $5,000,000 [109] 2,500+ — $100,000,000
Nibbler [55] Rock-Ola 1982-10 — — — — $100,000,000
Millipede [58] Atari 1982-11 9,990 $21,000,000 [57] 9,990[57] — $100,000,000
Popeye Nintendo 1982-11 15,000 $30,000,000 [110] 15,000 $6,700 $100,000,000
Super Pac-Man Namco 1982-11[68] 15,000 $30,000,000 [111] 15,000 $6,700 $100,000,000
Gyruss Konami 1983-03[69] 20,060 $12,036,030 [80] 20,060 $6,600 $110,000,000
Frogger Sega 1981-09[70] 10,000[112] $20,000,000 [113] 30,000 $3,600 $100,000,000
Donkey Kong Jr. Nintendo 1982-06[71] 5,000[110] $10,000,000 20,000+ $6,500 $110,000,000
Dig Dug Namco 1982-04[57] 2,183 $4,000,000 [57] 22,228[57] $6,200 $115,000,000
Pac-Man Namco 1980-10 — — 30,000 $3,600 $100,000,000
Space Invaders Taito 1978-10 — — 30,000 $3,600 $100,000,000
Robotron: 2084 Williams 1982-03[72] — — 23,000[81] $6,200 $100,000,000
Tron Midway 1982-08[73] — — 20,000[114] $6,200 $100,000,000
Front Line Taito 1982-11 9,000 $18,000,000 [109] 9,000 $8,200 $74,000,000
Baby Pac-Man Namco 1982-10 10,000 $20,000,000 [115] 10,000 $7,000 $70,000,000
BurgerTime Data East 1982-11 10,000 $20,000,000 [116] 10,000 $6,600 $66,000,000
Star Trek Sega 1983-01 9,000[106] $18,000,000 9,000 $7,500 $68,000,000
Turbo Sega 1982-01[75] — — 11,000[117] $7,300 $80,000,000
SubRoc-3D Sega 1982-03[76] 7,000 $14,000,000 9,000[109] $6,800 $61,000,000
Moon Patrol Irem 1982-08[75] — — 10,000[116] $6,900 $69,000,000
Cliff Hanger TMS 1983-09[74] 6,000 $24,000,000 [118] 6,000 $11,000 $66,000,000
Pac-Man Plus Namco 1983-03[77] 10,000 $20,000,000 [119] 10,000 $4,500 $45,000,000
Tutankham Konami 1982-07[78] — — 10,000[120] $6,300 $63,000,000
Xevious Namco 1983-02[57] 5,295 $11,000,000 [57] 5,295 $6,500 $34,000,000
Super Zaxxon Sega 1982-11[79] 5,000+ $10,000,000 [121] 5,000+ $6,600 $33,000,000
Satan's Hollow Midway 1982-10 — — 6,000+[122] $6,700 $40,000,000
Naughty Boy Jaleco 1982-05[75] — — 5,000[123] $6,300 $32,000,000
Track & Field Konami 1983-10[80] 19,138 $11,483,024 [80] 19,138 $910 $17,000,000
Zoo Keeper Taito 1983-03[81] 3,000 $7,500,000 [68] 3,000 $6,000 $18,000,000
Mario Bros. Nintendo 1983-03[82] 3,800 $7,600,000 [81] 3,800 $4,400 $17,000,000
Mappy Namco 1983-04 5,000+ $10,000,000 [107] 2,500+ $5,600 $14,000,000
Space Ace Cinematron 1983-12[88] 1,500 $6,000,000 [5] 1,500 $1,600 $6,000,000
Monster Bash Sega 1982-11[83] 2,500+ $5,000,000 [109] 2,500+ $6,400 $16,000,000
Congo Bongo (Tip Top) Sega 1983-03 2,500+ $5,000,000 [124] 2,500+ $6,200 $16,000,000
Star Wars Atari 1983-05[57] 3,000+ $7,000,000 [57] 3,000+ $3,400 $10,000,000
Sinistar Williams 1983-02 2,000 $4,000,000 [124] 2,000 $6,300 $13,000,000
Tac/Scan Sega 1982-09[79] — — 2,500+[122] $6,600 $17,000,000
Donkey Kong 3 Nintendo 1983-10 5,000 $10,000,000 [110] 5,000 $910 $4,600,000
Super Rider Taito 1983-06[84] 2,500+ $5,000,000 [106] 2,500+ $4,000 $10,000,000
Pole Position II Namco 1983-10 2,400 $7,400,000 [57] 2,400 $5,900 $14,000,000
Domino Man Bally 1983-01[85] 2,000 $4,000,000 [124] 2,000 $5,600 $11,000,000
Pengo Sega 1982-10[86] — — 2,000+[81] $6,600 $13,000,000
Blue Print Zilec 1982-11[87] — — 2,000+[125] $6,400 $13,000,000
Lazarian Zaccaria 1981 — — 2,000+[122] $6,200 $12,000,000
Arabian Sun Denshi 1983-05[57] 1,950[68] $4,000,000 [57] 1,950 $3,400 $6,600,000
Food Fight Atari 1983-03[57] 1,000 $2,000,000 [57] 1,000 $4,500 $4,500,000
Mad Planets Gottlieb 1983-03[89] 1,000 $2,000,000 [126] 1,000 $4,500 $4,500,000
Liberator Atari 1982-11[57] — — 762[57] $6,300 $4,800,000
Guzzler Tehkan 1983-04[80] 922 $553,007 [80] 922 $3,900 $3,600,000
Munch Mobile SNK 1983-03[80] 651 $390,358 [80] 651 $4,400 $2,900,000
Slither GDI 1982-08[90] — — 500[127] $6,600 $3,300,000
Quantum Atari 1982-11[57] — — 500[57] $6,200 $3,100,000
Aztarac Centuri 1983-09[80] 211 $422,888 [80] 211 $3,600 $760,000
Electro-mechanical
Whac-A-Mole (Mogura Taiji) TOGO 1977 — — 10,000+[128] $4,900 $49,000,000
Skee-Ball Skee-Ball — — — 10,000+[128] $4,700 $47,000,000
Chexx ICE 1982-11[92] — — 10,000+[128] $4,700 $47,000,000
Mr. & Mrs. Pac-Man Bally 1982-04[93] — — 10,600[93] $3,700 $39,000,000
Mini Skee-Ball Skee-Ball 1970[94] — — 2,500+[128] $5,800 $15,000,000
High Ball Norton 1982-11[95] — — 2,500+[106] $5,500 $14,000,000
Boom Ball Meltec 1980[96] — — 2,500+[128] $4,700 $12,000,000

Coin drop[]

The following table lists the average coin drop earnings per arcade hardware unit.

Title Release Average weekly coin drop earnings per unit (est.)[129][130] Annual
1/1
[122] 		1/15
[122] 		2/1
[116] 		2/15
[109] 		3/1
[121] 		3/15
[131] 		4/1
[119] 		4/15
[132] 		5/1
[132] 		5/15
[124][107] 		6/1
[124] 		6/15
[107] 		7/1
[128] 		Jul
[106] 		Aug
[106] 		Sep
[106] 		Oct to
Dec[130]
Pole Position [129] 1982-11[57] $350 $300 $567 $557 $450 $450 $450 $450 $450 $450 $450 $450 $450 $450 $450 $450 $450 $23,300
Ms. Pac-Man 1982-02[133] $197 $183 $185 $187 $160 $135 $150 $140 $130 $135 $140 $140 $130 $140 $135 $130 $130 $7,500
Mr. Do! [6] 1982-12 $170 $150 $279 $277 $200 $135 $150 $150 $150 $160 $160 $130 $150 $140 $140 $140 $159 $8,400
Dragon's Lair [129] 1983-07[62] — — — — — — — — — — — — — $135 $135 $125 $850 $13,000
Bump 'n' Jump 1982-12 $170 $150 $150 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $150 $150 $125 $150 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,300
Donkey Kong 1981-07[134] $170 $150 $150 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,200
Galaga 1981-10[135] $186 $201 $181 $176 $150 $140 $150 $150 $130 $150 $140 $130 $130 $135 $140 $130 $130 $7,500
Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom 1982-11 $170 $150 $150 $188 $180 $135 $130 $130 $120 $135 $130 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,400
Jungle Hunt 1982-08[136] $214 $228 $214 $204 $135 $140 $140 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,700
Time Pilot 1982-12[67] $170 $150 $204 $272 $230 $220 $180 $200 $170 $150 $170 $170 $150 $150 $170 $140 $140 $8,700
Bagman 1983-02[68] $170 $150 $150 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $170 $190 $130 $150 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,500
Nibbler 1982-10 $170 $150 $150 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,200
Joust 1982-10[137] $242 $240 $235 $236 $200 $170 $170 $160 $130 $140 $125 $140 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $7,300
Q*bert 1982-10 $170 $267 $253 $231 $190 $170 $170 $170 $140 $150 $150 $150 $140 $150 $135 $130 $130 $8,200
Millipede 1982-11 $170 $150 $218 $202 $180 $160 $140 $140 $140 $150 $150 $150 $140 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,800
Popeye 1982-11 $170 $150 $150 $150 $210 $190 $190 $170 $140 $135 $130 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,700
Super Pac-Man 1982-11[68] $170 $150 $249 $205 $170 $135 $170 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,700
Baby Pac-Man 1982-10 $170 $150 $270 $224 $190 $160 $170 $170 $130 $160 $140 $150 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $7,000
BurgerTime 1982-11 $170 $198 $213 $194 $160 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,600
Pac-Man Plus 1983-03[77] — — — — — — $140 $130 $130 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $4,500
Front Line 1982-11 $170 $150 $217 $252 $190 $170 $190 $170 $150 $160 $150 $140 $150 $150 $150 $140 $140 $8,200
Star Trek 1983-01 — — $150 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $180 $160 $150 $150 $180 $180 $160 $160 $7,500
SubRoc-3D 1982-03[138] $263 $225 $217 $196 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,800
Gyruss 1983-03[69] — — — — — — $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $180 $200 $180 $180 $6,600
Cliff Hanger [139] 1983-09[74] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — $125 $800 $11,000
Track & Field 1983-10[80] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — $70 $910
Xevious 1983-02[57] — — — — $135 $135 $125 $130 $170 $170 $150 $150 $160 $140 $140 $150 $150 $6,500
Super Zaxxon 1982-11[79] $170 $150 $190 $224 $170 $170 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,600
Mappy 1983-04 — — — — — — — — $120 $135 $190 $180 $160 $180 $150 $150 $150 $5,600
Donkey Kong Jr. 1982-06[138] $208 $199 $185 $183 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,500
Donkey Kong 3 1983-10 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — $70 $910
Mario Bros. 1983-03[82] — — — — — — $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $4,400
Zoo Keeper 1983-03[81] — — — — — — $125 $130 $120 $135 $140 $170 $160 $170 $160 $150 $150 $6,000
Pole Position II [129] 1983-10 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — $450 $5,900
Star Wars 1983-05[57] — — — — — — — — — — $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $3,400
Space Ace [139] 1983-12[88] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — $800 $1,600
Monster Bash 1982-11[83] $170 $150 $150 $206 $190 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,400
Congo Bongo (Tip Top) 1983-03 — — — — — — $125 $130 $120 $135 $180 $130 $180 $140 $190 $160 $160 $6,200
Super Rider 1983-06[84] — — — — — — — — — — — — $130 $135 $135 $150 $150 $4,000
Domino Man 1983-01[85] — — $150 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $130 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $5,600
Sinistar 1983-02 — — — — $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $160 $160 $160 $160 $160 $140 $140 $6,300
Dig Dug 1982-04[57] $170 $150 $150 $150 $135 $140 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,200
Arabian 1983-05[57] — — — — — — — — — — $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $3,400
Food Fight 1983-03[57] — — — — — — $125 $130 $120 $135 $160 $140 $150 $135 $135 $125 $70 $4,500
Mad Planets 1983-03[89] — — — — — — $125 $130 $120 $135 $170 $130 $140 $135 $135 $125 $70 $4,500
Guzzler 1983-04[80] — — — — — — — — $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $3,900
Munch Mobile 1983-03[80] — — — — — — $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $4,400
Robotron: 2084 1982-03[72] $170 $171 $150 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,200
Tron 1982-08[73] $179 $168 $150 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,200
Turbo 1982-01[137] $170 $164 $183 $150 $140 $135 $125 $130 $124 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $140 $140 $7,300
Moon Patrol 1982-08[137] $215 $214 $206 $216 $170 $150 $150 $140 $130 $135 $140 $130 $131 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,900
Tutankham 1982-07[140] $192 $180 $150 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,300
Satan's Hollow 1982-10 $235 $231 $194 $177 $150 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,700
Naughty Boy 1982-05[137] $170 $150 $190 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,300
Tac/Scan 1982-09[79] $170 $217 $210 $203 $150 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,600
Pengo 1982-10[141] $213 $222 $213 $172 $150 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,600
Blue Print 1982-11[137] $188 $189 $186 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,400
Lazarian 1981 $170 $159 $150 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,200
Liberator 1982-11[57] $170 $150 $217 $150 $140 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,300
Quantum 1982-11[57] $170 $150 $150 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $140 $135 $130 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,200
Slither 1982-08[137] $230 $216 $197 $150 $190 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $6,600
Video games $170 $150 $150 $150 $135 $135 $125 $130 $120 $135 $125 $130 $130 $135 $135 $125 $70 $3,600
Mr. & Mrs. Pac-Man [122] 1982-04[142] $122 $106 $75 $75 $75 $75 $75 $75 $60 $80 $60 $70 $90 $75 $75 $55 $55 $3,700
Whac-A-Mole [128] 1977 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $72 $89 $95 $95 $4,900
Skee-Ball [128] 1947[91] $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $99 $71 $80 $100 $100 $4,700
Chexx [128] 1982-11[92] $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $96 $100 $100 $83 $83 $4,700
Boom Ball [128] 1980[96] $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $113 $80 $80 $80 $80 $4,700
Mini Skee-Ball [128] 1970[94] $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $90 $98 $95 $80 $155 $155 $5,800
High Ball 1982-11[95] $80 $80 $80 $80 $80 $80 $80 $80 $80 $80 $80 $80 $80 $80 $80 $155 $155 $5,500

Best-selling home systems[]

Rank System(s) Manufacturer Type Generation Sales
Japan Worldwide
1 Game & Watch Nintendo Handheld 4-bit 5,300,000[21] 13,000,000[22][23]
2 Atari 2600 (Atari VCS) Atari, Inc. Console Second — 3,000,000[143]
3 Commodore 64 (C64) Commodore Computer 8-bit — 2,000,000[144]
4 ColecoVision Coleco Console Second — 1,500,000[145]
5 Famicom (NES) Nintendo Console Third 1,000,000+[146][147] 1,000,000+
6 IBM PC IBM Computer 8-bit / 16-bit — 850,000[148]
7 Intellivision Mattel Console Second — 750,000[149]
8 Atari 400 / Atari 800 Atari, Inc. Computer 8-bit — 500,000[144]
9 Apple II Apple Inc. Computer 8-bit — 420,000[144]
10 NEC PC-88 / PC-98 NEC Computer 8-bit / 16-bit 360,000[150][151] 360,000+
11 MSX ASCII Computer 8-bit 300,000[152] 300,000+
12 Sega SG-1000 Sega Console Third 210,000[153] 210,000+
13 TRS-80 Tandy Computer 8-bit — 200,000[144]
14 Coleco Adam Coleco Computer 8-bit — 140,000[148]
15 Sharp X1 / MZ Sharp Computer 8-bit 120,000[154][155] 120,000+
16 Sega SC-3000 Sega Computer 8-bit — 120,000[156]
Annual sales
Video game consoles Console 1,210,000+[14] 7,860,000+
Personal computers Computer 885,000[155] 4,920,000[144]

Best-selling home video games[]

The following titles were the best-selling home video games in 1983. See sub-sections below for breakdown of sales and revenue estimates.

Rank Title Platform Company Sales
(est.) 		Gross revenue (est.) Genre Ref
Nominal Inflation
1 Donkey Kong Multi-platform Nintendo 9,813,000 $270,000,000 $830,000,000 Platform [23]
2 Donkey Kong Jr. Multi-platform Nintendo 3,520,000 $140,000,000 $430,000,000
3 Mario Bros. Multi-platform Nintendo 3,440,000 $120,000,000 $370,000,000 Platform [157]
4 Frogger Multi-platform Konami / Sega 2,132,000 $73,000,000 $230,000,000 Action
5 Pitfall! Consoles Activision 2,038,000 $79,000,000 $240,000,000 Platform
6 Pac-Man Multi-platform Namco 2,031,569 $65,000,000 $200,000,000 Maze [158]
7 Ms. Pac-Man Atari 2600 Namco 1,993,078 $70,000,000 $210,000,000 Maze [158]
8 River Raid Atari 2600 Activision 1,570,000 $38,000,000 $120,000,000 Shmup
9 Centipede Atari 2600 Atari 1,509,240 $38,000,000 $120,000,000 Shmup
10 Lifeboat Game & Watch Nintendo 1,000,000 $47,000,000 $140,000,000 Action [22]
11 Mario's Cement Factory Game & Watch Nintendo 1,000,000 $43,000,000 $130,000,000 Platform
12 Enduro Atari 2600 Activision 1,042,000 $41,000,000 $130,000,000 Racing
13 Mahjong Famicom Nintendo 1,000,000 $21,000,000 $60,000,000 Mahjong
Baseball Famicom Nintendo 1,000,000 $21,000,000 $60,000,000 Sports
15 Zaxxon Multi-platform Sega 950,000 $29,000,000 $89,000,000 Shmup
16 Phoenix Atari 2600 Hiraoka/TPN[159] 880,000 $32,000,000 $98,000,000 Shmup
17 Popeye Multi-platform Nintendo 810,000 $34,000,000 $104,000,000 Platform
18 Q*bert Consoles Parker Bros. 802,000 $23,000,000 $70,000,000 Puzzle
19 Pole Position Atari 2600 Namco 745,000 $28,000,000 $86,000,000 Racing
20 Vanguard Atari 2600 Tose / SNK 737,000 $28,000,000 $86,000,000 Shmup
21 BurgerTime Multi-platform Data East 706,000 $24,000,000 $80,000,000 Platformer
22 Quest for Tires Multi-platform Sierra On-Line 640,000 $21,000,000 $64,000,000 Action
23 Miner 2049er ColecoVision Micro Fun 600,000 $30,000,000 $92,000,000 Platformer
24 Swords & Serpents Intellivision Imagic 600,000 $19,000,000 $58,000,000 Adventure
25 War Room ColecoVision NAP 600,000 $19,000,000 $58,000,000 Strategy

Japan[]

In Japan, the following titles were the year's best-selling home video games.

Rank Title Platform Company Sales
(est.) 		Gross revenue (est.) Genre Ref
Nominal Inflation
1 Donkey Kong Jr. Game & Watch Nintendo 1,750,000 $86,000,000 $260,000,000 Platformer [22]
2 Donkey Kong Game & Watch Nintendo 1,250,000 $30,000,000 $92,000,000
3 Lifeboat Game & Watch Nintendo 1,000,000 $47,000,000 $140,000,000 Action
4 Mario's Cement Factory Game & Watch Nintendo 1,000,000 $43,000,000 $130,000,000 Platformer
5 Mario Bros. Famicom Nintendo 1,000,000 $21,000,000 $64,000,000 Platformer [157]
Mahjong Famicom Nintendo 1,000,000 $21,000,000 $64,000,000 Mahjong [160][146][161]
Baseball Famicom Nintendo 1,000,000 $21,000,000 $64,000,000 Sports [160][146][17]
8 Donkey Kong Famicom Nintendo 880,000 $18,000,000 $55,000,000 Platformer [160][162]
9 Popeye Game & Watch Nintendo 500,000 $27,000,000 $83,000,000 Platformer [22]
Snoopy Game & Watch Nintendo 500,000 $27,000,000 $83,000,000 Action
11 Rain Shower Game & Watch Nintendo 250,000 $12,000,000 $37,000,000 Action
Pinball Game & Watch Nintendo 250,000 $12,000,000 $37,000,000 Pinball
13 Manhole Game & Watch Nintendo 250,000 $9,400,000 $29,000,000 Action
14 Door Door Computers Enix 200,000 $3,300,000 $10,000,000 Platformer [163][164]
15 Shiri Mahjong Computers Tsukumo 200,000 $3,300,000 $10,000,000 Mahjong
16 Sokoban Computers Thinking 200,000 $3,000,000 $9,000,000 Puzzle [165][166]
17 AX-7 PC-6001 ASCII 180,000 $2,200,000 $7,000,000 Action
18 3D Golf Simulation Computers T&E Soft 140,000 $2,400,000 $7,000,000 Sports
19 Cosmo Cross Computers Xtal Soft 130,000 $3,000,000 $9,000,000 Adventure
20 Moritan no Battle Field PC-8801 Enix 120,000 $2,500,000 $8,000,000 Strategy

Computer games[]

The following titles were the year's best-selling home computer game software in Japan.

Rank Title Platform(s) Company Points
[n 5][167] 		Sales (est.)
[n 6][168] 		Price
[167] 		Revenue
(est.)[n 7] 		Genre
1 Door Door Computers Enix 56 200,000 ¥3,800 $3,300,000 Platform
2 Shiri Mahjong Computers Tsukumo 55 200,000 ¥3,800 $3,300,000 Mahjong
3 Sokoban Computers Thinking — 200,000 — $3,000,000 Puzzle
4 AX-7 PC-6001 ASCII 49 180,000 ¥2,800 $2,200,000 Action
5 3D Golf Simulation Computers T&E Soft 38 140,000 ¥4,000 $2,400,000 Sports
6 Cosmo Cross Computers Xtal Soft 37 130,000 ¥4,800 $3,000,000 FPS
7 Moritan no Battle Field PC-8801 Enix 34 120,000 ¥4,800 $2,500,000 Strategy
8 AZ-1 (Flight Simulator) PC-8801 ASCII 30 110,000 ¥2,800 $1,300,000 Flight
9 Genma Taisen Computers Ponican 29 100,000 ¥3,300 $1,400,000 RPG
10 Alphos Computers Enix 20 70,000 ¥5,800 $2,000,000 Shmup
11 Star Arthur: Planet Mephius FM-7 T&E Soft 16 60,000 ¥5,800 $2,000,000 VN / ADV
12 Portopia Renzoku Satsujin Jiken Computers Enix [169] 8 60,000 ¥3,600 $1,000,000
13 AX-6 (Head On) PC-6001 Sega 14 50,000 ¥2,800 $1,000,000 Driving
13 Mach 3 Flight Simulator PC-9801 SoftBank 13 50,000 ¥7,300 $1,600,000 Flight
15 FM-8 Program Library No.1 FM-8 ASCII 12 40,000 ¥3,800 $1,000,000 Action
16 Tantei Monogatari: Part 1 Computers Filcom 12 40,000 ¥4,200 $1,000,000 VN
17 Mari-chan Kiki Ippatsu FM-7/8 Enix 11 40,000 ¥3,600 $1,000,000 Eroge
18 Pac-Man Computers Namco 10 40,000 ¥3,500 $1,000,000 Maze
19 Golf Island Computers Technosoft 7 30,000 ¥4,000 $500,000 Sports
20 Nankyoku Monogatari Computers Ponican 6 20,000 ¥2,800 $200,000 Survival
21 Pro Yakyū Super Simulation Computers JDS 5 20,000 ¥3,500 $300,000 Sports
22 Lode Runner Apple II Broderbund 4 10,000 ¥11,000 $500,000 Platform
23 Jansō PC-9801 Fuji Onkyo 3 10,000 ¥5,400 $200,000 Mahjong
24 Mystery House [170] PC88/98, FM7 Star Craft — 10,000 — $200,000 ADV
25 Wizard and the Princess Computers Star Craft 2 7,000 ¥12,300 $400,000
26 Holy Sword Computers Xtal Soft 1 4,000 ¥4,200 $100,000
Annual 472 2,000,000 $40,000,000 [24]

United States[]

In the United States, the following titles were the year's best-selling home video games, excluding dedicated handheld games. See tables below for breakdown of sales and revenue estimates.

Rank Title Platform Company Sales
(est.) 		Gross revenue (est.) Genre Ref
Nominal Inflation
1 Donkey Kong Multi-platform Nintendo 2,100,000 $78,000,000 $240,000,000 Platformer
2 Frogger Multi-platform Konami / Sega 2,050,000 $71,000,000 $220,000,000 Action
3 Pitfall! Consoles Activision 2,000,000 $78,000,000 $240,000,000 Platformer [171][172][173]
4 Pac-Man Multi-platform Namco 1,887,000 $62,000,000 $190,000,000 Maze
5 Ms. Pac-Man Atari 2600 Namco 1,963,078 $69,000,000 $210,000,000 Maze [174][171][158]
6 Donkey Kong Jr. Consoles Nintendo 1,700,000 $55,000,000 $170,000,000 Platformer
7 River Raid Atari 2600 Activision 1,500,000 $37,000,000 $110,000,000 Shmup [171][175]
8 Centipede Atari 2600 Atari 1,475,240 $37,000,000 $110,000,000 Shmup [171][174][176]
9 Mario Bros. Atari 2600 Nintendo 1,190,000 $53,000,000 $160,000,000 Platformer [157][177][178]
10 Enduro Atari 2600 Activision 1,000,000 $40,000,000 $120,000,000 Racing [171][179]
11 Zaxxon Multi-platform Sega 950,000 $29,000,000 $89,000,000 Shmup
12 Phoenix Atari 2600 TPN / Hiraoka 800,000 $30,000,000 $100,000,000
13 Q*bert Consoles Parker Bros. 800,000 $23,000,000 $70,000,000 Puzzle
14 Pole Position Atari 2600 Namco 700,000+ $27,000,000 $83,000,000 Racing [180][181]
15 Vanguard Atari 2600 Tose / SNK 700,000+ $27,000,000 $83,000,000 Shmup [178]
16 BurgerTime Intellivision Data East 700,000 $24,000,000 $80,000,000 Platformer [182][183][184]
17 Quest for Tires Multi-platform Sierra On-Line 640,000 $21,000,000 $64,000,000 Action [180]
18 Miner 2049er ColecoVision Micro Fun 600,000+ $30,000,000 $92,000,000 Platformer [180][185]
19 Swords & Serpents Intellivision Imagic 600,000+ $19,000,000 $58,000,000 Adventure [180]
20 War Room ColecoVision NAP 600,000 $19,000,000 $58,000,000 Strategy

Console games[]

The following titles were the best-selling game cartridges for home consoles in the United States during 1983. Points are calculated from rankings on video game sales charts.

Title Company Platform Points[n 8][186] Sales (est.)[n 9] Gross (est.)[n 10] Ref
Pitfall! Activision Consoles 549 2,000,000 $78,000,000 [171][172][173]
Atari 2600 193 600,000+ $15,000,000
Frogger Sega Consoles 547 2,000,000 $69,000,000 [171][187]
Atari 2600 218 700,000+ $17,000,000
Ms. Pac-Man Namco Atari 2600 550 1,963,078 $69,000,000 [174][171][158]
Donkey Kong Jr. Nintendo Consoles 296 1,700,000 $55,000,000
Atari 2600 — 900,000 $29,000,000 [171][188][179]
ColecoVision 257 800,000 $26,000,000 [171][179]
River Raid Activision Consoles 513 1,500,000 $37,000,000 [171][175]
Atari 2600 310 900,000 $25,000,000
Donkey Kong Nintendo Consoles 348 1,500,000 $48,000,000 [171][189]
ColecoVision — 1,000,000 $35,000,000 [190][191]
Atari 2600 168 500,000 $13,000,000
Centipede Atari Atari 2600 480 1,475,240 $37,000,000 [171][174][176]
Mario Bros. Nintendo Atari 2600 — 1,190,000 $53,000,000 [157][177][178]
Pac-Man Namco Consoles 298 1,004,569 $35,000,000 [192]
Atari 2600 151 684,569 $24,000,000 [174][192]
Atari 5200 — 320,000 $11,000,000 [192]
Enduro Activision Atari 2600 333 1,000,000 $40,000,000 [171][179]
Zaxxon Sega Consoles 300 900,000 $27,000,000 [193][192]
ColecoVision 93 300,000 $9,000,000
Phoenix TPN Atari 2600 276 800,000 $30,000,000 [171][179]
Q*bert Parker Consoles 256 800,000 $23,000,000
ColecoVision — 600,000 $19,000,000 [180]
Atari 2600 56 200,000 $4,000,000
Pole Position Namco Atari 2600 228 700,000+ $27,000,000 [180][181]
Vanguard Tose / SNK Atari 2600 237 700,000+ $27,000,000 [178]
BurgerTime Data East Intellivision 238 700,000 $24,000,000 [182][183][184]
Swords & Serpents Imagic Intellivision 53 600,000+ $19,000,000 [180]
War Room NAP ColecoVision — 600,000+ $19,000,000
Quest for Tires Sierra ColecoVision — 600,000+ $19,000,000
Looping Coleco ColecoVision 49 600,000+ $19,000,000
Time Pilot Konami ColecoVision 40 600,000+ $24,000,000 [180][194]
Super Action Baseball Coleco ColecoVision — 600,000+ $19,000,000 [180]
Nova Blast Imagic ColecoVision — 600,000+ $19,000,000
Keystone Kapers Activision Atari 2600 234 600,000+ $19,000,000
Jungle Hunt Taito Atari 2600 216 600,000+ $17,000,000
Robot Tank Activision Atari 2600 191 600,000 $15,000,000
Night Driver Atari Atari 2600 — 580,959 $16,000,000 [174][192]
Dragonfire Imagic Consoles 159 500,000 $13,000,000
Atari 2600 96 300,000 $8,000,000
Space Invaders Taito Atari 2600 — 435,353 $14,000,000 [195]
Seaquest Activision Atari 2600 141 400,000 $11,000,000
Miner 2049er Tiger Atari 2600 139 400,000 $11,000,000
Decathlon Activision Atari 2600 137 400,000 $11,000,000
Spider Fighter Activision Atari 2600 136 400,000 $11,000,000
Kangaroo Sun Atari 2600 129 400,000 $10,000,000
Mr. Do! Universal ColecoVision 129 400,000 $10,000,000
Demon Attack Imagic Consoles 106 300,000 $8,000,000
Megamania Activision Atari 2600 100 300,000 $8,000,000
RealSports Baseball Atari Atari 2600 94 300,000 $8,000,000
Galaxian Namco Atari 2600 86 300,000 $7,000,000
Popeye Nintendo Atari 2600 84 300,000 $7,000,000
Berzerk Atari Atari 2600 84 300,000 $7,000,000
Oink Activision Atari 2600 69 200,000 $6,000,000
Dolphin Activision Atari 2600 66 200,000 $5,000,000
RealSports Football Atari Atari 2600 62 200,000 $5,000,000
Dig Dug Namco Atari 2600 57 200,000 $5,000,000
Gorf Coleco ColecoVision 57 200,000 $5,000,000
Defender Williams Atari 2600 55 200,000 $4,000,000
Advanced D&D Mattel Intellivision 53 200,000 $4,000,000
E.T. Atari Atari 2600 52 200,000 $4,000,000
Space Fury Sega ColecoVision 42 100,000 $3,000,000
Battlezone Atari Atari 2600 41 100,000 $3,000,000
Death Star Battle Parker Atari 2600 37 100,000 $3,000,000
Raiders of Lost Ark Atari Atari 2600 35 100,000 $3,000,000
Lock 'n' Chase Data East Intellivision 24 100,000 $2,000,000
Crackpots Activision Atari 2600 19 100,000 $2,000,000
Joust Atari Atari 2600 19 100,000 $2,000,000
Kaboom! Activision Atari 2600 19 100,000 $2,000,000
Space Dungeon Taito Atari 5200 19 100,000 $2,000,000
Jedi Arena Parker Atari 2600 18 100,000 $1,000,000
Smurf: Rescue Coleco Atari 2600 17 100,000 $1,000,000
Escape Data Age Atari 2600 15 50,000 $1,000,000
Mouse Trap Coleco ColecoVision 15 50,000 $1,000,000
Empire Strikes Back Parker Atari 2600 14 40,000 $1,000,000
Tron: Deadly Discs Mattel Intellivision 14 40,000 $1,000,000
EarthWorld Atari Atari 2600 13 40,000 $1,000,000
Space Shuttle Activision Atari 2600 13 40,000 $1,000,000
Venture Coleco Atari 2600 11 30,000 $1,000,000
Pepper II Coleco ColecoVision 11 30,000 $1,000,000
Bowling Atari Atari 2600 8 20,000 $1,000,000
M*A*S*H Fox Atari 2600 8 20,000 $1,000,000
Plaque Attack Activision Atari 2600 8 20,000 $1,000,000
Strawberry Shortcake Parker Atari 2600 5 20,000 $400,000
Mission X Mattel Intellivision 4 10,000 $300,000
Turbo Sega ColecoVision 4 10,000 $300,000
Tutankham Konami Atari 2600 2 10,000 $200,000 [196]
Space Panic Universal ColecoVision 1 3,000 $100,000 [197]

Computer games[]

The following titles were the year's best-selling home computer games in the United States. See tables above and below for breakdown of sales and revenue estimates.

Rank Title Platform Company Sales
(est.) 		Gross (est.)[n 11]
[198][199][200] 		Genre Ref
1 Pac-Man Computers Namco 870,000 $26,000,000 Maze [201][202][158]
2 Donkey Kong Computers Nintendo 600,000 $30,000,000 Platformer [180][174]
3 Lode Runner Computers Broderbund 200,000 $6,000,000 Platformer [203][204]
4 Temple of Apshai Computers Epyx 100,000 $4,000,000 RPG [205][206]
5 Zork I Computers Infocom 96,148 $4,000,000 Adventure [207][208][209]
6 MasterType Apple II Lightning 70,000 $2,000,000 Education
7 Deadline Computers Infocom 61,612 $3,000,000 Adventure [208][209]
8 Zork II Computers Infocom 60,612 $2,000,000 Adventure [208][209]
9 Choplifter Computers Broderbund 60,000+ $2,000,000 Shmup [207][210]
10 Blue Max Computers Synapse 60,000+ $2,000,000
11 Zaxxon Computers Sega 60,000+ $2,000,000
12 Wizardry Apple II Sir-Tech 60,000 $2,000,000 RPG
13 Miner 2049er Apple II Micro Fun 60,000 $2,000,000 Platformer
14 Suspended Computers Infocom 55,547 $2,000,000 Adventure [208][209]
15 Frogger Computers Konami / Sega 50,000 $2,000,000 Action [207][210]
16 Zork III Computers Infocom 49,775 $2,000,000 Adventure [208][209]
17 Starcross Computers Infocom 42,870 $2,000,000
Jumpman Computers Epyx 40,000 $2,000,000 Platformer [211][212]
19 Quest for Tires Computers Sierra On-Line 40,000 $2,000,000 Action [148][198]
20 Wizardry III: Legacy of Llylgamyn Apple II Sir-Tech 30,000 $1,000,000 RPG [207][210]
21 Fort Apocalypse Computers Synapse 30,000 $1,000,000 Shmup
22 Exodus: Ultima III Computers Origin Systems 30,000 $1,000,000 RPG
23 Ultima II Apple II Sierra On-Line 20,000 $600,000 RPG
24 Wizardry II: Knight of Diamonds Apple II Sir-Tech 20,000 $600,000
25 Early Games for Young Children Apple II Early Game 20,000 $600,000 Education

The following titles were the year's best-selling computer games for the Apple II.[213]

Rank Title Developer Points
[213] 		Sales (est.)
[n 12][214][215] 		Gross (est.)
[n 11][199][200]
1 MasterType Lightning Software 670.15 70,000 $2,000,000
2 Wizardry Sir-Tech 605.78 60,000 $2,000,000
3 Choplifter Broderbund 599.37 60,000 $2,000,000
4 Miner 2049er Micro Fun 551.64 60,000 $2,000,000
5 Zaxxon Sega 446.49 40,000 $1,000,000
6 Lode Runner Broderbund 436.75 40,000 $1,000,000
7 Wizardry III: Legacy of Llylgamyn Sir-Tech 258.89 30,000 $900,000
8 Zork Infocom 229.98 20,000 $600,000
9 Ultima II Sierra On-Line 227.79 20,000 $600,000
10 Frogger Konami / Sega 218.56 20,000 $600,000
11 Exodus: Ultima III Origin Systems 206.11 20,000 $600,000
12 Wizardry II: Knight of Diamonds Sir-Tech 174.76 20,000 $600,000
13 Early Games for Young Children Early Game 159.39 20,000 $600,000
14 Castle Wolfenstein MUSE 156.47 20,000 $600,000
15 Aztec DataMost 148.87 10,000 $300,000
16 Pinball Construction Set BudgeCo 139.02 10,000 $300,000
17 DOS Boss Beagle Brothers 122.05 10,000 $300,000
18 Hard Hat Mack Electronic Arts 86.7 9,000 $300,000
19 Apple Mechanic Beagle Brothers 78.41 8,000 $200,000
20 Facemaker Spinnaker Software 71.44 7,000 $200,000
21 Flight Simulator SubLogic 69.59 7,000 $200,000
22 The Arcade Machine Broderbund Software 63.91 6,000 $200,000
23 Mix & Match Apple Computer 59.57 6,000 $200,000
24 The Mask of the Sun Ultrasoft 56.89 6,000 $200,000
25 Zork II Infocom 41.75 4,000 $100,000
26 Snooper Troops I Spinnaker Software 40.3 4,000 $100,000
27 Suspended Infocom 36.55 4,000 $100,000
28 Flight Simulator II SubLogic 35.91 4,000 $100,000
29 Deadline Infocom 33.56 3,000 $90,000
30 Ernie's Quiz Apple Computer 31.95 3,000 $90,000
31 The Quest Penguin Software 28.74 3,000 $90,000
32 Zork III Infocom 27.5 3,000 $90,000
33 Sargon III Hayden Software 26.92 3,000 $90,000
34 Crisis Moutain Synergistic 22.08 2,000 $60,000
35 Snack Attack (Pac-Man) Namco / DataMost 21.61 2,000 $60,000
36 Rocky's Boots Learning Company 17.94 2,000 $60,000
37 Dark Crystal Sierra On-Line 16.67 2,000 $60,000
38 Most Amazing Thing Spinnaker 15.62 2,000 $60,000
39 Stickybear ABC Xerox Education 15.11 2,000 $60,000
40 Story Machine Spinnaker Software 14.56 1,000 $30,000
41 Arcademic Skill Builders in Math DLM 14.16 1,000 $30,000
42 Apple Mechanic Typefaces Beagle Brothers 13.17 1,000 $30,000

United Kingdom[]

In the United Kingdom, the following titles were the year's best-selling home video games. Points are calculated from Computer & Video Games (CVG) chart rankings.[216]

Rank Title Platform Company Points
[n 13][216] 		Sales
(est.)[n 14] 		Gross revenue (est.)[n 15] Ref
Nominal Inflation
1 Pac-Man Atari VCS Namco 55 100,000 $2,000,000 $6,000,000
2 Donkey Kong Atari VCS Nintendo 52 83,000 $2,000,000 $6,000,000
3 Frogger Atari VCS Konami / Sega 51 82,000 $2,000,000 $6,000,000
4 Phoenix Atari VCS TPN / Hiraoka 50 80,000 $2,000,000 $6,000,000
5 River Raid Atari VCS Activision 44 70,000 $1,000,000 $3,000,000
6 Defender Atari VCS Atari 35 56,000 $1,000,000 $3,000,000
7 Space Invaders Atari VCS Taito 31 50,000 $1,000,000 $3,000,000
8 Demon Attack Atari VCS Imagic 30 48,000 $1,000,000 $3,000,000
9 Pole Position Atari VCS Namco 28 45,000 $1,000,000 $3,000,000
10 Enduro Atari VCS Activision 26 42,000 $800,000 $2,000,000
11 Battlezone Atari VCS Atari 25 40,000 $800,000 $2,000,000
12 Pitfall! Atari VCS Activision 24 38,000 $700,000 $2,000,000
13 Vanguard Atari VCS Tose / SNK 23 37,000 $700,000 $2,000,000
14 Centipede Atari VCS Atari 21 34,000 $600,000 $2,000,000
15 Ms. Pac-Man Atari VCS Namco 17 30,000 $500,000 $2,000,000
16 Starmaster Atari VCS Activision 14 22,000 $400,000 $1,200,000
17 Galaxian Atari VCS Namco 12 20,000 $400,000 $1,200,000
18 Tutankham Atari VCS Konami 11 18,000 $300,000 $1,000,000
19 Dig Dug Atari VCS Namco 9 14,000 $300,000 $1,000,000
20 Empire Strikes Back Atari VCS Parker Bros. 8 13,000 $240,000 $1,000,000
21 Super Cobra Atari VCS Konami 7 11,000 $210,000 $1,000,000
22 Popeye Atari VCS Nintendo 6 10,000 $200,000 $1,000,000
Star Raiders Atari VCS Atari 6 10,000 $200,000 $1,000,000
24 Zaxxon Atari VCS CBS 5 8,000 $200,000 $1,000,000
25 BurgerTime Atari VCS Data East 4 6,000 $120,000 $400,000
26 Berzerk Atari VCS Atari 3 5,000 $90,000 $300,000
27 Gorf Atari VCS CBS 2 3,000 $60,000 $200,000
Tron: Deadly Discs Intellivision Mattel 2 3,000 $60,000 $200,000
29 B-17 Bomber Intellivision Mattel 1 2,000 $30,000 $100,000
Keystone Kapers Atari VCS Activision 1 2,000 $30,000 $100,000
Q*bert Atari VCS Parker Bros. 1 2,000 $30,000 $100,000
Robot Tank Atari VCS Activision 1 2,000 $30,000 $100,000
Annual 605 1,000,000 $21,000,000 $64,000,000 [10][18]

Notes[]

  1. ↑ See Computer games section
  2. ↑ Average 100 units per point (est.)
    • 110 points equivalent to 25,000 units (Champion Baseball)
    • 108 points equivalent to 10,000 units (Astron Belt)
  3. ↑ 2,884 points (excluding Champion Baseball) equivalent to $1.9 billion = $650,000 per point (est.)
  4. ↑ Annual gross = units X earnings per unit
  5. ↑ Points based on monthly Softlog chart rankings from LOGiN magazine during 1983 (July, September and November issues).
    • Rank #1 = 20 points
    • Rank #10 = 11 points
    • Rank #20 = 1 point
  6. ↑ 56 points equivalent to 200,000 units (Door Door) = 3,600 units per point (est.)
  7. ↑ Exchange rate: ¥231 per US$
  8. ↑ Points calculated from rankings on Billboard video game sales charts from 1983-01-08 to 1984-01-07.
    • Rank #1 = 25 points
    • Rank #15 = 11 points
    • Rank #25 = 1 point
  9. ↑ 480 points equivalent to 1,475,240 units (Centipede for Atari 2600)[174] = 3,000 units per point (est.)
  10. ↑ 480 points equivalent to $37 million (Centipede for Atari 2600) = $80,000 per point (est.)
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Average price: $30
  12. ↑ 100 unit sales per point (est.)
    • 45.88 points equivalent to 5,000 units (Horizon V in 1982)
    • 1,744.36 points equivalent to 190,000 units (Wizardry up until 1984)
  13. ↑ Points calculated from sales chart rankings published in Computer & Video Games (CVG) magazine from April 1983 to February 1984 issues.
    • Rank #1 = 10 points
    • Rank #10 = 1 point
  14. ↑ 605 points equivalent to 1 million units = 1,600 units per point (est.)
  15. ↑ 605 points equivalent to $21 million = $30,000 per point (est.)

References[]

  1. ↑ Liedholm, Marcus and Mattias. "The Famicom rules the world! – (1983–89)". Nintendo Land. Archived from the original on January 1, 2010. Retrieved February 14, 2006.
  2. ↑ "Computer Software / Video Games '83". Billboard: TA-36. 1983-12-24. https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/80s/1983/BB-1983-12-24.pdf#page=83.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "State of the Industry". Play Meter 10 (20): 32-47. 1 November 1984. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-10-number-20-november-1st-1984/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%2010%2C%20Number%2020%20-%20November%201st%201984/page/32/mode/2up.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Steve L. Kent (2001), The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, Prima, p. 352, ISBN 0-7615-3643-4, "In 1982, Universal Sales made arcade history with a game called Mr Do! Instead of selling dedicated Mr Do! machines, Universal sold the game as a kit. The kit came with a customized control panel, a computer board with Mr Do! read-only memory (ROM) chips, stickers that could be placed on the side of stand-up arcade machines for art, and a plastic marquee. It was the first game ever sold as a conversion only. According to former Universal Sales western regional sales manager Joe Morici, the company sold approximately 30,000 copies of the game in the United States alone."
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Video File". The Los Angeles Times. February 21, 1984. p. 63. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Horowitz, Ken (2020-08-20). Beyond Donkey Kong: A History of Nintendo Arcade Games. McFarland. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-4766-8420-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3D0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA118.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Aoyama, Masaharu (September 1997). "Structural Changes in the Home Market for Video Games". NLI Research Institute. Japan. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Currency conversion
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Meades, Alan (2022-10-25). "SegaWorld, Street Fighter II, and Exporting Games to Japan". Arcade Britannia: A Social History of the British Amusement Arcade. The MIT Press. pp. 203-231 (214-6). ISBN 978-0-262-37234-3. https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/chapter-pdf/2086421/c006300_9780262372343.pdf.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 "Market size and market shares". Video Games: A Report on the Supply of Video Games in the UK. United Kingdom: Monopolies and Mergers Commission (MMC), H.M. Stationery Office. April 1995. pp. 66 to 68. ISBN 978-0-10-127812-6.
  11. ↑ Video Game Myth Busters - Did the "Crash" of 1983/84 Affect Arcades?, The Golden Age Arcade Historian (December 27, 2013)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Watkins, Ralph (1984). A Competitive Assessment of the U.S. Video Game Industry: Report on Investigation No. 332-160 Under Section 332(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930. U.S. International Trade Commission. pp. 48-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=-38XdacYD6QC&pg=PA48.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Apathy crushes video game industry". Army Host (Club Management Directorate, The Adjutant General Center) 10 (4): 6. 1983. https://books.google.com/books?id=KG2uOEFx_VIC&pg=PA6.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Third generation of video games
  15. ↑ "Video Game Sales: 1972-1999". Gaming Alexandria. June 7, 2021.
  16. ↑ Ikuine, Fumihiko (2022-01-21). The Efficiency and Creativity of Product Development: Lessons from the Game Software Industry in Japan. Springer Nature. p. 59. ISBN 978-981-16-7743-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=0oBaEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA59.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 https://www.famitsu.com/cominy/?m=pc&a=page_h_title&title_id=374&redirect=no
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 "Book of Reviews". Computer & Video Games (17). March 1983. 1983-02-16. https://archive.org/details/Book_of_Reviews_1983-03_EMAP_Publishing_GB_supplement_issue_017.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "昔(1970年代）のテレビゲームは何台売れた？ (How many old (1970s) video games sold?)". Classic Videogame Station Odyssey (CVS Odyssey) (in Japanese). 2014-01-09. Archived from the original on 2014-01-09. Retrieved 16 April 2021. {{cite web}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
  20. ↑ "The Home Video-Game Industry (1983-1996) - Competitive Strategy Revolving around Industry Standards" (PDF). gbrc.jp. p. 43.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Fujii, Daiji (2005-06-10). "The Birth of "Final Fantasy": Square Corporation". 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 (Okayama Economic Review) (Okayama University) 37 (1): 63–88 (67–71). ISSN 0386-3069. http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/40488.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 Game & Watch
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Donkey Kong
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Koyama, Yusuke (2023-06-02). History of the Japanese Video Game Industry. Springer Nature. p. 84. ISBN 978-981-99-1342-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=uITCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA84.
  25. ↑ "Racing Games Roundup: Facts". Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition. Little Brown Books. 2008. p. 154. ISBN 9781904994213. https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec00guin_0/page/153.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Public Catalog". United States Copyright Office.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Media Arts Database". Agency for Cultural Affairs (in Japanese).
  28. ↑ 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982
  29. ↑ "#1 Game In Japan: Sega Electronics To Bring 'Champion Baseball' Vid to U.S.". Cash Box: 33–4. June 16, 1983. https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1983/CB-1983-06-18.pdf#page=33.
  30. ↑ "Japan's Latest Coin-Op Set To Hit North America". Electronic Games 2 (22): 12. December 1983. https://archive.org/details/Electronic_Games_Volume_02_Number_10_1983-12_Reese_Communications_US/page/n11.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 1982
  32. ↑ "Overseas Readers Column: Sega's Astron Belt Will Be Shipped Soon". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (211): 30. 1 May 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19830501p.pdf#page=16.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/M733428
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 ""Pole Position" No. 1 Video Game: Game Machine's "The Year's Best Three AM Machines" Survey Results". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (207): 30. 1 March 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19830301p.pdf#page=16.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/M730146
  36. ↑ RePlay. January 1984. https://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2014/03/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of-allied_22.html.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=19148
  38. ↑ Smith, Alexander (19 November 2019). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971–1982. CRC Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-429-75261-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=Cxy_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT191.
  39. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (213): 29. 1 June 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19830601p.pdf#page=15.
  40. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (214): 27. 15 June 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19830615p.pdf#page=14.
  41. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (215): 29–30. 1 July 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19830701p.pdf#page=15.
  42. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (216): 37. 15 July 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19830715p.pdf#page=19.
  43. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (217): 29. 1 August 1983. https://archive.org/details/game-machine-magazine-19830801p/page/n14/mode/1up.
  44. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (218): 27. 15 August 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19830815p.pdf#page=14.
  45. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (219): 29. 1 September 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19830901p.pdf#page=15.
  46. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (220): 29. 15 September 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19830915p.pdf#page=15.
  47. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (221): 29. 1 October 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19831001p.pdf#page=15.
  48. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (222): 35. 15 October 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19831015p.pdf#page=18.
  49. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (223): 33. 1 November 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19831101p.pdf#page=17.
  50. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (224): 29. 15 November 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19831115p.pdf#page=15.
  51. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (225): 33. 1 December 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19831201p.pdf#page=17.
  52. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (226): 33. 15 December 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19831215p.pdf#page=17.
  53. ↑ "Best Hit Games 25". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (227): 37. 1 January 1984. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19840101p.pdf#page=19.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 "Top Hits of Last 5 Years". RePlay. March 1987.
  55. ↑ 55.00 55.01 55.02 55.03 55.04 55.05 55.06 55.07 55.08 55.09 55.10 55.11 55.12 55.13 55.14 55.15 55.16 55.17 55.18 55.19 55.20 55.21 "AMOA Votes On Annual Game Awards". Cash Box: 60. October 29, 1983. https://archive.org/details/cashbox45unse_20/page/68.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 "Around The Route". Cash Box (Cash Box Pub. Co.): 32. 26 November 1983. https://archive.org/details/cashbox45unse_24/page/32.
  57. ↑ 57.00 57.01 57.02 57.03 57.04 57.05 57.06 57.07 57.08 57.09 57.10 57.11 57.12 57.13 57.14 57.15 57.16 57.17 57.18 57.19 57.20 57.21 57.22 57.23 57.24 57.25 57.26 57.27 57.28 57.29 57.30 57.31 57.32 57.33 57.34 Product: Total Build. Atari Games. 1999. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.4 58.5 "Cash Box Jukebox/Games Survey". Cash Box (Cash Box Pub. Co.): 46. October 29, 1983. https://archive.org/details/cashbox45unse_20/page/54.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1982/CB-1982-06-26.pdf#page=37
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 Adlum, Eddie (November 1985). "The Replay Years: Reflections from Eddie Adlum". RePlay 11 (2): 134-175 (168-70). https://archive.org/details/re-play-volume-11-issue-no.-2-november-1985-600DPI/RePlay%20-%20Volume%2011%2C%20Issue%20No.%202%20-%20November%201985/page/170.
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 "1983". Play Meter 20 (13): 70. December 1994. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-20-number-13-december-1994/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%2020%2C%20Number%2013%20-%20December%201994/page/70.
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 "Manufacturers Equipment". Cash Box: 42. February 2, 1985. https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1985/CB-1985-02-02.pdf#page=42.
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Kent, Steven L. (2002). The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World. New York: Random House International. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-7615-3643-7. OCLC 59416169. https://books.google.com/books?id=PTrcTeAqeaEC&pg=PA211.
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 Galaga Parts and Operating Manual. Midway. October 1981. https://archive.org/details/arcademanual_Galaga.
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 "Manufacturers Equipment". Cash Box (United States): 35. 5 February 1983. https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_33/page/n34.
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Fujihara, Mary (25 July 1983). "Inter Office Memo". Atari. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06.
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1983/CB-1983-10-29.pdf#page=70
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 68.4 68.5 68.6 68.7 Fujihara, Mary (July 25, 1983). "Inter Office Memo: Coin-Op Product Sales" (PDF). Atari, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006) (in Japanese). アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編(1971-2005) [Arcade TV Game List: Domestic • Overseas Edition (1971-2005)]. Japan: Amusement News Agency. pp. 27, 113, 121. ISBN 978-4990251215. https://archive.org/details/ArcadeGameList1971-2005/page/n28.
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 "Manufacturers Equipment". Cash Box (Cash Box Pub. Co.): 37. 16 January 1982. https://archive.org/details/cashbox43unse_32/page/37.
  71. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 Fujihara, Mary (July 25, 1983). "Inter Office Memo: Coin-Op Product Sales" (PDF). Atari, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  72. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 "Manufacturers Equipment". Cash Box (United States): 35. 5 February 1983. https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_33/page/n34.
  73. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 "Manufacturers Equipment". Cash Box: 34. November 26, 1983. https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1983/CB-1983-11-26.pdf#page=34.
  74. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 75.4 75.5 "Manufacturers Equipment". Cash Box (United States): 35. 5 February 1983. https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_33/page/n34.
  75. ↑ 76.0 76.1 "SubRoc-3D". United States Copyright Office. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  76. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 Akagi, Masumi (October 13, 2006) (in ja). アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編(1971–2005). Japan: Amusement News Agency. pp. 124–5. ISBN 978-4990251215. https://archive.org/details/ArcadeGameList1971-2005/page/n125/mode/2up.
  77. ↑ 78.0 78.1 "Overseas Readers Column - Konami And Stern Pact On "Tutankham" Video". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (194): 26. 15 August 1982. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19820815p.pdf.
  78. ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 79.3 79.4 79.5 Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006) (in ja). アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編(1971-2005). Japan: Amusement News Agency. pp. 130-1. ISBN 978-4990251215. https://archive.org/details/ArcadeGameList1971-2005/page/n132/mode/2up.
  79. ↑ 80.00 80.01 80.02 80.03 80.04 80.05 80.06 80.07 80.08 80.09 80.10 80.11 80.12 80.13 80.14 80.15 "Centuri/Allied Leisure Annual Report Goodies - Part 1: Release Dates and Production Numbers". The Golden Age Arcade Historian. August 30, 2013. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  80. ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 81.3 81.4 81.5 81.6 81.7 Fujihara, Mary (1983-11-02). "Inter Office Memo". Atari. Archived from the original on 2013-01-20. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  81. ↑ 82.0 82.1 82.2 "Overseas Readers Column". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (216): 38. July 15, 1983. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19830715p.pdf#page=20.
  82. ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 https://www.arcade-history.com/?n=monster-bash&page=detail&id=1661
  83. ↑ 84.0 84.1 84.2 https://archive.org/details/ArcadeGameList1971-2005/page/n139/mode/2up
  84. ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 https://archive.org/details/ArcadeGameList1971-2005/page/n125/mode/2up
  85. ↑ 86.0 86.1 "Manufacturers Equipment". Cash Box (Cash Box Pub. Co.): 35. 5 February 1983. https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_33/page/n34.
  86. ↑ 87.0 87.1 "Manufacturers Equipment". Cash Box (United States): 35. 5 February 1983. https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_33/page/n34.
  87. ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 "Space Ace (Registration Number PA0000234328)". United States Copyright Office. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  88. ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 https://archive.org/details/ArcadeGameList1971-2005/page/n119/mode/2up
  89. ↑ 90.0 90.1 "Manufacturers Equipment". Cash Box (United States): 35. 5 February 1983. https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_33/page/n34.
  90. ↑ 91.0 91.1 https://www.arcade-history.com/?n=skee-ball&page=detail&id=33903
  91. ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1982/CB-1982-11-20.pdf#page=42
  92. ↑ 93.0 93.1 93.2 https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=1639
  93. ↑ 94.0 94.1 94.2 https://books.google.com/books?id=nSkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA56
  94. ↑ 95.0 95.1 95.2 https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1982/CB-1982-11-20.pdf#page=44
  95. ↑ 96.0 96.1 96.2 https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1980/CB-1980-05-24.pdf#page=26
  96. ↑ 1981
  97. ↑ 98.0 98.1 98.2 Smith, Keith (2013-12-27). "Video Game Myth Busters: Did the "Crash" of 1983/84 Affect Arcades?". The Golden Age Arcade Historian. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
  98. ↑ Defanti, Thomas A. (1984), Yovits, Marshall C., ed., "The Mass Impact of Videogame Technology", Advances in Computers (Elsevier) 23: pp. 93–140 (117), https://www.vasulka.org/archive/Writings/VideogameImpact.pdf#page=25, retrieved 2023-12-22
  99. ↑ 100.0 100.1 100.2 "Bally Still Makes Past Hits". Play Meter 9 (17): 18. September 15, 1983. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-9-number-17-september-15th-1983-600dpi/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%209%2C%20Number%2017%20-%20September%2015th%201983%20%28Compressed%29/page/18.
  100. ↑ Steve L. Kent (2001), The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, Prima, p. 225, ISBN 0-7615-3643-4, "Cinematronics sold more than 16,000 Dragon's Lair machines in 1983, for an average price of $4300. Coleco purchased the home rights to the game, giving Cinematronics an additional $2 million."
  101. ↑ "Video File". Los Angeles Times. February 21, 1984. p. 63. Retrieved March 8, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  102. ↑ Kent, Steven (2001). "The Fall". Ultimate History of Video Games. Three Rivers Press. pp. 222–224. ISBN 0-7615-3643-4.
  103. ↑ Digital Eclipse (2003-11-18). Midway Arcade Treasures. Midway Games. Level/area: The Inside Story On Joust.
  104. ↑ Fujihara, Mary (1983-07-25). "Inter Office Memo". Atari. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  105. ↑ 106.0 106.1 106.2 106.3 106.4 106.5 106.6 "Play Meter's Equipment Poll". Play Meter 9 (16): 16. September 1, 1983. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-9-number-16-september-1st-1983/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%209%2C%20Number%2016%20-%20September%201st%201983%20%28Compressed%29/page/16.
  106. ↑ 107.0 107.1 107.2 107.3 "Play Meter's Equipment Poll". Play Meter 9 (11): 24. June 15, 1983. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-9-number-11-june-15th-1983/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%209%2C%20Number%2011%20-%20June%2015th%201983%20%28Compressed%29/page/24.
  107. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1983/CB-1983-06-18.pdf#page=32
  108. ↑ 109.0 109.1 109.2 109.3 109.4 "Play Meter's Equipment Poll". Play Meter 9 (3): 16. Feburary 15, 1983. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-9-number-3-february-15th-1983/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%209%2C%20Number%203%20-%20February%2015th%201983%20%28Compressed%29/page/16.
  109. ↑ 110.0 110.1 110.2 Steven L. Kent (2001), The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World, Prima, p. 352, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=C2MH05ogU9oC, retrieved 2011-04-09, "With more than 60,000 units sold in the United States, Donkey Kong was Nintendo's biggest arcade hit. The arcade industry began its long collapse the year after Donkey Kong was released, and Nintendo's arcade fortunes eroded quickly. Nintendo released Donkey Kong Junior in 1982 and sold only 30,000 machines, 20,000 Popeye machines (also 1982), and a mere 5000 copies of Donkey Kong 3 (1983)."
  110. ↑ Ressner, Jeffrey (20 November 1982). "Stan Jarocki: Expanded Player Base Is The Key To The Future". Cash Box (Cash Box Pub. Co.): 52-56 (56). https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_23/page/56.
  111. ↑ "Lowest - or Highest - Serial Numbers". Killer List of Videogames. March 25, 2014. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
  112. ↑ 1981
  113. ↑ "Pac-Man eating Bally's future profits". Boca Raton News. 6 March 1983. p. 15C. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  114. ↑ "Pac-Man eating Bally's future profits". Boca Raton News. 6 March 1983. p. 15C. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  115. ↑ 116.0 116.1 116.2 "Play Meter's Equipment Poll". Play Meter 9 (2): 12. Feburary 1, 1983. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-9-number-2-february-1st-1983/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%209%2C%20Number%202%20-%20February%201st%201983/page/12.
  116. ↑ "KLOV Arcade Serial Numbers". Killer List of Videogames. 2014. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
  117. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=KlRUAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA35&article_id=6272,6315191
  118. ↑ 119.0 119.1 "Play Meter's Equipment Poll". Play Meter 9 (6): 12. April 1, 1983. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-9-number-6-april-1st-1983/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%209%2C%20Number%206%20-%20April%201st%201983/page/12.
  119. ↑ "Play Meter Equipment Poll". Play Meter 4 (20): 14. October 15, 1982. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-8-number-20-october-15th-1982/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%208%2C%20Number%2020%20-%20October%2015th%201982/page/n3.
  120. ↑ 121.0 121.1 "Play Meter's Equipment Poll". Play Meter 9 (4): 28. March 1, 1983. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-9-number-4-march-1st-1983/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%209%2C%20Number%204%20-%20March%201st%201983/page/28.
  121. ↑ 122.0 122.1 122.2 122.3 122.4 122.5 "Play Meter's Equipment Poll". Play Meter 9 (1): 16. January 15, 1983. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-9-number-1-january-15th-1983/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%209%2C%20Number%201%20-%20January%2015th%201983/page/16.
  122. ↑ "Arcade Production Numbers". BrentRadio. 2019. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
  123. ↑ 124.0 124.1 124.2 124.3 124.4 "Play Meter's Equipment Poll". Play Meter 9 (10): 16. June 1, 1983. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-9-number-10-june-1st-1983/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%209%2C%20Number%2010%20-%20June%201st%201983%20%28Compressed%29/page/16.
  124. ↑ "Play Meter Equipment Poll". Play Meter 4 (24): 16. December 15, 1982. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-8-number-24-december-15th-1982/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%208%2C%20Number%2024%20-%20December%2015th%201982/page/16/mode/1up.
  125. ↑ https://www.arcade-history.com/?page=detail&id=1434
  126. ↑ https://arcadeblogger.com/2017/06/02/gdis-slither-the-1-3-million-dollar-crash-burn/
  127. ↑ 128.00 128.01 128.02 128.03 128.04 128.05 128.06 128.07 128.08 128.09 128.10 "Play Meter's Equipment Poll". Play Meter 9 (12): 16. July 1, 1983. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-9-number-12-july-1st-1983/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%209%2C%20Number%2012%20-%20July%201st%201983%20%28Compressed%29/page/n15.
  128. ↑ 129.0 129.1 129.2 129.3 Defanti, Thomas A. (1984), Yovits, Marshall C., ed., "The Mass Impact of Videogame Technology", Advances in Computers (Elsevier) 23: pp. 93–140 (105), https://www.vasulka.org/archive/Writings/VideogameImpact.pdf#page=13, retrieved 2023-12-22
  129. ↑ 130.0 130.1 Smith, Keith (2013-01-26). "Play Meter Operator/Industry Surveys". The Golden Age Arcade Historian. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  130. ↑ "Play Meter's Equipment Poll". Play Meter 9 (5): 4. March 15, 1983. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-9-number-5-march-15th-1983/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%209%2C%20Number%205%20-%20March%2015th%201983/page/n3.
  131. ↑ 132.0 132.1 "Play Meter's Equipment Poll". Play Meter 9 (8): 16. May 1, 1983. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-9-number-8-may-1st-1983-600dpi/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%209%2C%20Number%208%20-%20May%201st%2C%201983%20%28Compressed%29/page/16.
  132. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1982/CB-1982-06-26.pdf#page=37
  133. ↑ Kent, Steven L. (2002). The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World. New York: Random House International. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-7615-3643-7. OCLC 59416169. https://books.google.com/books?id=PTrcTeAqeaEC&pg=PA211.
  134. ↑ Galaga Parts and Operating Manual. Midway. October 1981. https://archive.org/details/arcademanual_Galaga.
  135. ↑ Fujihara, Mary (25 July 1983). "Inter Office Memo". Atari. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06.
  136. ↑ 137.0 137.1 137.2 137.3 137.4 137.5 "Manufacturers Equipment". Cash Box (United States): 35. 5 February 1983. https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_33/page/n34.
  137. ↑ 138.0 138.1 "SubRoc-3D". United States Copyright Office. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  138. ↑ 139.0 139.1 https://books.google.com/books?id=_XVkAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA41&article_id=4954,2254412
  139. ↑ "Overseas Readers Column - Konami And Stern Pact On "Tutankham" Video". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (194): 26. 15 August 1982. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19820815p.pdf.
  140. ↑ "Manufacturers Equipment". Cash Box (Cash Box Pub. Co.): 35. 5 February 1983. https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_33/page/n34.
  141. ↑ https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=1639
  142. ↑ Guins, Raiford (2014-01-24). Game After: A Cultural Study of Video Game Afterlife. MIT Press. pp. 324. ISBN 978-0-262-32018-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=ijOkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA324.
  143. ↑ 144.0 144.1 144.2 144.3 144.4 Reimer, Jeremy (2005-12-15). "Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on June 7, 2012. Retrieved 2021-11-27.
  144. ↑ McFerran, Damien (18 September 2010). "Feature: How ColecoVision Became the King of Kong". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  145. ↑ 146.0 146.1 146.2 Donovan, Tristan (2010). "12. A Tool To Sell Software". Replay: The History of Video Games. East Sussex, England: Yellow Ant. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-9565072-0-4. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211127172322/booksvooks.com/fullbook/replay-the-history-of-video-games-pdf.html?page=5. "Within two months of the Famicom's July 1983 launch around 500,000 had been sold. By the end of the year sales had topped the million mark."
  146. ↑ Wolf, Mark J. P. (1 May 2015). Video Games Around the World. MIT Press. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-262-52716-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=pZb5CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA322. "The Nintendo Famicom was released in July of 1983 and by the end of the year had sold more than a million units."
  147. ↑ 148.0 148.1 148.2 Shea, Tom (6 February 1984). "Companies register big sales during Christmas season". InfoWorld 6 (6): 16. ISSN 0199-6649. https://books.google.com/books?id=gC4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16.
  148. ↑ Hayes, Thomas C. (4 February 1984). "Mattel Is Counting on Its Toys". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  149. ↑ Methe, David; Mitchell, Will; Miyabe, Junichiro; Toyama, Ryoko (January 1998). "Overcoming a Standard Bearer: Challenges to NEC's Personal Computer in Japan". Research Papers in Economics (RePEc): 35. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5160396.
  150. ↑ Juliussen, Egil; Juliussen, Karen (1990). The Computer Industry Almanac 1991. Pearson P T R. pp. 10-47, 10-48. ISBN 978-0-13-155748-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=gxVNAQAAIAAJ.
  151. ↑ Koyama, Yusuke (2023-06-02). History of the Japanese Video Game Industry. Springer Nature. p. 49. ISBN 978-981-99-1342-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=uITCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA49.
  152. ↑ Koyama, Yusuke (2023-06-02). History of the Japanese Video Game Industry. Springer Nature. p. 51. ISBN 978-981-99-1342-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=uITCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA51.
  153. ↑ Methe, David; Mitchell, Will; Miyabe, Junichiro; Toyama, Ryoko (January 1998). "Overcoming a Standard Bearer: Challenges to NEC's Personal Computer in Japan". Research Papers in Economics (RePEc): 35. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5160396.
  154. ↑ 155.0 155.1 Juliussen, Egil; Juliussen, Karen (1990). The Computer Industry Almanac 1991. Pearson P T R. pp. 10-47, 10-48. ISBN 978-0-13-155748-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=gxVNAQAAIAAJ.
  155. ↑ https://retrocdn.net/images/9/93/JeuxetStrategie_FR_29.pdf#page=24
  156. ↑ 157.0 157.1 157.2 157.3 Mario
  157. ↑ 158.0 158.1 158.2 158.3 158.4 Pac-Man
  158. ↑ Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006) (in ja). アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編(1971-2005). Japan: Amusement News Agency. pp. 41-2, 109, 114. ISBN 978-4990251215. https://archive.org/details/ArcadeGameList1971-2005/page/n43.
  159. ↑ 160.0 160.1 160.2 "Game Data Library".
  160. ↑ https://www.famitsu.com/cominy/?m=pc&a=page_h_title&title_id=18443&redirect=no
  161. ↑ https://www.famitsu.com/cominy/?m=pc&a=page_h_title&title_id=4060&redirect=no
  162. ↑ Fujii, Daiji (2003). "Entrepreneurial Choices of Strategic Options in Japan's RPG Development" (PDF). p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 30, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2006. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |curly= (help)
  163. ↑ "ドア・ドア（エニックス／1983年）［ソフトウェア］". Oh!FM-7 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  164. ↑ Green, W., ed. (1988). "Made in Japan". InCider 6: 158. https://books.google.com/books?id=M2NRAAAAYAAJ. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
  165. ↑ https://www.8-bits.info/gamelist/PC88/info/info_6V17y1jIPkyePWYh.php
  166. ↑ 167.0 167.1 "SoftLog" (in Japanese). LOGiN (July, September, November). 1983. https://archive.org/details/login-magazine.
  167. ↑ Fujii, Daiji (2003). "Entrepreneurial Choices of Strategic Options in Japan's RPG Development" (PDF). p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 30, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2006. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |curly= (help)
  168. ↑ "潮 [Tide]" (in ja). 潮 (372-374): 361. 1990. https://books.google.com/books?id=DHI3AAAAIAAJ. "このゲームは当時、六万本の売り上げを記録し、アドベンチャーゲームのなかでも突出した人気を誇っていた。 (At the time, the game sold 60,000 copies and was one of the most popular adventure games.)"
  169. ↑ DeMaria, Rusel; Wilson, Johnny L. (2003). High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games (2. ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Osborne. p. 135. ISBN 0-07-223172-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=HJNvZLvpCEQC.
  170. ↑ 171.00 171.01 171.02 171.03 171.04 171.05 171.06 171.07 171.08 171.09 171.10 171.11 171.12 171.13 171.14 "Top Video Games". Billboard: TA-34. 1983-12-24. https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/80s/1983/BB-1983-12-24.pdf#page=81.
  171. ↑ 172.0 172.1 Capparell, James (June 1984). "Activision's James Levy: A software success story". Antic. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  172. ↑ 173.0 173.1 https://books.google.com/books?id=P24sAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA4&article_id=3173,206061
  173. ↑ 174.0 174.1 174.2 174.3 174.4 174.5 174.6 174.7 Cartridge Sales Since 1980. Atari Corp. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Atari_Sales.png. Via "The Agony & The Ecstasy". Once Upon Atari. No. 4. 23 minutes in.
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  176. ↑ 177.0 177.1 1984
  177. ↑ 178.0 178.1 178.2 178.3 "Atari 2600". The Montreal Gazette. February 25, 1984. p. 64.
  178. ↑ 179.0 179.1 179.2 179.3 179.4 https://books.google.com/books?id=UYAxAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA236&article_id=4436,3004138#v=onepage&q&f=false
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  180. ↑ 181.0 181.1 https://books.google.com/books?id=ztMsAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Pole+Position%22
  181. ↑ 182.0 182.1 Holyoak, Craig (May 30, 1984). "Here are ColecoVision's Jewels". Deseret News. p. 4 WV – via Google News.
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  184. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=BzxTtml8Jq4C&pg=PA184
  185. ↑ "Billboard Magazine". 1983 (Jan 8) to 1984 (Jan 7)
  186. ↑ Driscoll, Ed (December 1982). "Capsule Reviews". The Space Gamer (Steve Jackson Games) (58): 48. https://archive.org/details/space-gamer_201601/Space_Gamer_58/page/n53.
  187. ↑ Donkey Kong Junior (2600)
  188. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20210816161212/ninmemori.es/from-1982-to-1984-its-all-about-game-watch-newspaper-ads/
  189. ↑ McFerran, Damien (18 September 2010). "Feature: How ColecoVision Became the King of Kong". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  190. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20210816161212/ninmemori.es/from-1982-to-1984-its-all-about-game-watch-newspaper-ads/
  191. ↑ 192.0 192.1 192.2 192.3 192.4 "Software Report Card". Video Games Player (United States: Carnegie Publications) 1 (1): 62–3. September 1982. https://archive.org/details/Video_Games_Player_Vol_1_No_1_1982-09_Carnegie_Publications_US/page/n61/mode/2up.
  192. ↑ Dimetrosky, Raymond (November 1983). "Video Game Buyer's Guide: One on One (Zaxxon vs. Zaxxon)". Video Games Player (United States: Carnegie Publications) 2 (2): 55. https://archive.org/details/Video_Games_Player_Vol_2_No_2_1983-11_Carnegie_Publications_US/page/n56.
  193. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=LHdkAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA38&article_id=2590,181157
  194. ↑ Space Invaders
  195. ↑ "Video Take-Out's Top 10 Sellers". Computer Entertainer 2 (4). July 1983. https://www.ataricompendium.com/archives/newsletters/video_game_update/video_game_update_jul83.pdf.
  196. ↑ "Video Take-Out's Top 10 Sellers". The Video Game Update 2 (2): 16. May 1983. https://www.ataricompendium.com/archives/newsletters/video_game_update/video_game_update_may83.pdf#page=16.
  197. ↑ 198.0 198.1 https://books.google.com/books?id=H-JLAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA34
  198. ↑ 199.0 199.1 Everyone's Guide to Personal Computers. 1983. p. 172. https://books.google.com/books?id=w5JSNPOHexkC&q=%22Price+Range+:+%24+30%22. "Flight Simulator (...) Vendor: subLOGIC (...) Price Range: $30 to $35"
  199. ↑ 200.0 200.1 The Book of Apple Computer Software. 1981. p. 316. https://books.google.com/books?id=aupQAAAAMAAJ. "APPLE GALAXIAN (...) Sugg. Retail: $24.95"
  200. ↑ McGuire, Christine H. (1983). Handbook of Health Professions Education. Jossey-Bass. https://books.google.com/books?id=y_RpAAAAMAAJ&q=pac-man+million+copies+pc. "It is estimated that 30,000 Pac Man disks have been sold for home computers at $30 each and that there are a million copies in existence."
  201. ↑ 1981 and 1982
  202. ↑ Adams, Roe R. (September 1985). "Come Cast A Spell With Me". Computer Gaming World 4 (3): 21, 33. https://archive.org/details/Computer_Gaming_World_Issue_5.4/page/n20.
  203. ↑ Blocker, Susan (August 23, 1984). "Iowan designs hot-selling video game". The Gazette. p. 20. Retrieved November 20, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  204. ↑ Stovall, Rawson (April 4, 1986). "Epyx offers trilogy of its Apshai games for the price of one". Abilene Reporter-News. p. 45. Retrieved December 21, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  205. ↑ "Upper Reaches of Apshai". PC Magazine: 163. November 1982. https://books.google.com/books?id=vy3cBZkjbZgC&pg=RA2-PA163.
  206. ↑ 207.0 207.1 207.2 207.3 "Software Hit List". Billboard: CES-18. 1984-01-14. https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/80s/1984/BB-1984-01-14.pdf#page=54.
  207. ↑ 208.0 208.1 208.2 208.3 208.4 "Great Scott: Infocom's All-Time Sales Numbers Revealed". GameSetWatch. Think Services. September 20, 2008. Archived from the original on September 24, 2008. Retrieved September 23, 2008.
  208. ↑ 209.0 209.1 209.2 209.3 209.4 https://books.google.com/books?id=WYnHD9WSWdAC&pg=RA1-PA313
  209. ↑ 210.0 210.1 210.2 Petska-Juliussen, Karen; Juliussen, Egil (1990). The Computer Industry Almanac 1990. New York: Brady. pp. 3.10–15. ISBN 978-0-13-154122-1. https://archive.org/details/computerindustry00kare/page/n265/mode/2up.
  210. ↑ Randy Glover, Kevin Savetz, Rob McMullen (12 May 2016). ANTIC Interview 171 - Randy Glover, Jumpman. 36:15: Antic Podcast. http://ataripodcast.libsyn.com/antic-interview-171-randy-glover-jumpman.
  211. ↑ Yuen, Matt (May–Jun 1983). "Jumpman". Softline. p. 45. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  212. ↑ 213.0 213.1 "Softalk Magazine: Top 30 List Dataset".
  213. ↑ "List of Top Sellers". Computer Gaming World 2 (5): 2. September–October 1982. http://pdf.textfiles.com/zines/CGW/1982_0910_issue6.pdf#page=4.
  214. ↑ Second generation of video games
  215. ↑ 216.0 216.1 "Computer and Video Games Magazine". April 1983 to February 1984
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