Video Game Sales Wiki
in: CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja), CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja), CS1 maint: date format,
and 2 more

1973

Sign in to edit
1970s 1970 · 1971 · 1972 · 1973 · 1974 1975 · 1976 · 1977 · 1978 · 1979
1980s 1980 · 1981 · 1982 · 1983 · 1984 1985 · 1986 · 1987 · 1988 · 1989
1990s 1990 · 1991 · 1992 · 1993 · 1994 1995 · 1996 · 1997 · 1998 · 1999
2000s 2000 · 2001 · 2002 · 2003 · 2004 2005 · 2006 · 2007 · 2008 · 2009
2010s 2010 · 2011 · 2012 · 2013 · 2014 2015 · 2016 · 2017 · 2018 · 2019
2020s 2020 · 2021 · 2022 · 2023 · 2024

In 1973, Atari's arcade hit Pong spawned numerous clones, which led to the establishment of the video game industry. This was the first time that video games were able to compete with electro‑mechanical games (EM games) in American arcades, though EM games continued to dominate Japanese arcades.

Japan had a thriving arcade market, with more than 500,000–700,000 arcade machines on location by 1973, mostly consisting of electro-mechanical (EM) shooting and driving games from Japanese manufacturers.[1] In Japan, the largest EM arcade game manufacturer is Sega, followed by Taito and then Namco.[2] The first arcade video games released in Japan were Pong clones from Taito and Sega.

The year's highest-grossing electronic game is Atari's arcade hit Pong, the first successful video game. The year's best-selling home system is the Magnavox Odyssey, the only game console on the market for the second year in a row.

Financial performance[]

The following table lists the annual sales and revenue generated by the electronic games industry this year, including video games and electro‑mechanical games (EM games).

Industry Products Market Unit sales Annual revenue (est.) Ref
Annual Cume Nominal Inflation
Electronic games USA 189,000+ 1,158,000+ $907,000,000 $6,400,000,000
Arcade Arcade games Worldwide 300,000+ 1,800,000+ $1,500,000,000 $11,000,000,000
Arcade Arcade games USA 100,000+ 1,000,000+[3] $900,000,000 $6,400,000,000 [4][5][6]
Japan 150,000+ 700,000 $400,000,000 $2,800,000,000 [1][7][8]
UK 50,000+ 100,000+ $200,000,000 $1,400,000,000 [9]
Arcade EM games Worldwide 130,000+ 1,477,000+ $1,080,000,000 $7,600,000,000
Arcade Electro‑mechanical games USA 30,000+ 927,000+ $680,000,000 $4,800,000,000
Japan 100,000+ 500,000+ $300,000,000 $2,100,000,000 [1][7]
UK — 50,000+ $100,000,000 $710,000,000 [9]
Video games Worldwide 259,000+ 331,000+ $427,000,000 $3,000,000,000
Arcade Arcade video games USA 70,000 73,000 $220,000,000 $1,600,000,000 [10][11][12]
Japan 50,000+ 50,000+ $100,000,000 $710,000,000
UK 50,000 50,000 $100,000,000 $710,000,000 [13]
Worldwide 170,000+ 173,000+ $420,000,000 $3,000,000,000
Console Video game consoles USA 89,000 158,000 $7,000,000 $50,000,000 [14]
Video games USA 159,000 231,000 $227,000,000 $1,600,000,000
Electronic games Worldwide 389,000+ 1,908,000+ $1,507,000,000 $11,000,000,000

Highest-grossing games[]

The following titles were the highest-grossing electronic games worldwide this year, including video games (VG) and electro-mechanical games (EM games) across arcade and home markets. See sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.

Rank Title Company Release Gross revenue (est.) Genre Type Platform
Nominal Inflation
1 Pong Atari 1972-11 $100,000,000 $710,000,000 Pong VG Arcade
2 Air Hockey Brunswick 1972 $53,000,000 $380,000,000 Hockey EM
3 Paddle Battle Allied 1973-03 $45,000,000 $320,000,000 Pong VG
4 Indy 500 Kasco 1968 $31,000,000 $220,000,000 Racing EM
5 Formula-X Namco 1973-10 $30,000,000 $210,000,000
6 Laser Clay Nintendo 1973 $29,000,000 $210,000,000 FPS
7 Tennis Tourney Allied 1973-07 $19,000,000 $135,000,000 Pong VG
8 Astro Race Taito 1973-11 $16,000,000 $113,000,000 Racing
TV Tennis Dormer 1973 $16,000,000 $113,000,000 Pong
Davis Cup Taito 1973-11 $16,000,000 $113,000,000
Elepong Taito 1973-07 $16,000,000 $113,000,000
Pro Hockey Taito 1973-11 $16,000,000 $113,000,000
Soccer Taito 1973-11 $16,000,000 $113,000,000
TV Davis Cup Kasco 1973 $16,000,000 $113,000,000

Highest-grossing arcade games[]

The following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games this year. This section has separate lists for electro‑mechanical games (excluding pinball), pinball (a type of electro-mechanical game), and video games.

Electro-mechanical games[]

Rank Title Company Date[11] Cabinet sales (est.)[n 1][11] Gross revenue (est.)[12] Genre
Annual Cume Gross Ref
1 Air Hockey Brunswick 1972 17,000 23,000[17] $53,000,000 [18] Hockey
2 Indy 500 Kasco 1968 — 26,000 $31,000,000 Racing
— Speedway Chicago Coin 1969 — 10,000[19] $12,000,000 [12]
Grand Prix Sega 1969 — 5,000+[20] $6,000,000
Racer Namco 1970 — 5,000 $6,000,000
Indy 500 Kasco 1968 — 3,000+ $4,000,000
Champion License Taito 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Grand Prix Namco 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Drive Master Chicago Coin 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
3 Formula-X [21] Namco 1973-10[22] 1,800 1,800[22] $30,000,000 [23] Racing
4 Laser Clay Nintendo 1973 1,400[24] 1,400 $29,000,000 [25] FPS
5 Periscope Namco / Sega 1965 — 9,300+ $10,000,000 FPS
— Periscope Sega 1966 — 5,000[26] $6,000,000 [12]
Namco 1965 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Sea Raider Midway 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Periscope Taito 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Sea Devil Midway 1970-09 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Submarine Patrol Alca / Mayfield 1967 — 300+ $400,000
6 Basketball Sega / Taito 1966 — 9,000+ $8,000,000 Sports
— Crown Basketball Taito 1972 — 5,000+[20] $4,000,000 [12]
Basketball Sega 1966 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Midway 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Basketball 901 Taito 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Basketball 902 Taito 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
7 Sky Fighter Taito 1970 — 6,000+ $7,000,000 FPS
— Sky Fighter II Taito 1971 — 3,000[27] $4,000,000 [12]
Sky Fighter Taito 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Sonic Fighter Allied 1971-01 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Sky Battle Chicago Coin 1971-10 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
8 Duck Hunt Sega 1968 2,000+ 4,000+ $6,000,000 FPS
— Flying Ducks Chicago Coin 1973-07[28] 1,000+ 1,000+[29] $2,000,000 [30]
Kasco 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Duck Hunt Midway 1973 1,000+ 1,000+[31] $2,000,000 [32]
Sega 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
9 Olympia Sega / Taito 1964 — 6,000+ $6,000,000 Pachislot
— Olympia Star Sega / Taito 1964 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [33]
New Olympia Sega 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Taito 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Olympia Mark II Sega 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Olympia Mark III Taito 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
10 Crown Crane Taito 1965 1,000+ 4,000+ $5,000,000 Crane
— New Crane Taito 1973 1,000+ 1,000+ $2,000,000 [12]
Crown 602 Taito 1965 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Crown 603 Taito 1966 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Crown 605 Taito 1966 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
11 Air Hockey Taito 1973 1,000+ 1,000+ $4,000,000 Hockey
12 Hover Bally 1973-01[34] 1,000+ 1,000+[35] $4,000,000 [36]
13 Rifle Gallery Sega 1973 1,000+ 1,000+ $4,000,000 [37] FPS
14 Crazy 15 Komaya 1965 — 6,000 $4,000,000 Bingo
— Crazy 15 Mark III Komaya 1970 — 3,000[38] $2,000,000
Crazy 15 Komaya 1965 — 3,000 $2,000,000
15 Combat Gun / Combat Kasco / Namco 1966 — 4,000+ $4,000,000 FPS
— Combat Gun Kasco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Combat Gun / Combat Kasco 1966 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
New Combat Gun Namco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Combat Kasco 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
16 Hoi Hoi Test Tokyo[n 2] 1963 — 4,000+ $4,000,000 Rhythm
— Alice Mirror Game Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [39]
Hoi Hoi Test Tokyo 1963 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
30 Test Namco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Nervous Breakdown Namco 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
17 Jet Rocket Sega 1970-07 — 4,000+ $4,000,000 FPS
— Flotilla Williams 1970-12 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Jet Rocket Sega 1970-07 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Night Bomber Chicago Coin 1971-01 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Target Zero Bally 1970-12 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
18 Safari Gun Kasco 1970 — 4,000+ $4,000,000 FPS
— Big Hunting Kasco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Hunting Buggy Kasco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Hunting Land Kasco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Safari Gun Kasco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
19 Five Star Sega 1972 1,000+ 2,000+ $3,000,000 Pachinko
— Five Star Q Sega 1973 1,000+ 1,000+ $2,000,000 [40]
Five Star Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
20 Jumbo Sega 1969 1,000+ 2,000+ $3,000,000 Action
— Dan-Bo Sega 1973 1,000+ 1,000+ $2,000,000
Jumbo Sega 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
21 Punching Bag Sega 1962 1,000+ 2,000+ $3,000,000 Boxing
— '73 Punching Bag Sega 1973 1,000+ 1,000+[41] $2,000,000 [40]
Punching Bag Sega 1962 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
22 Speed Hockey Sega 1973-03 1,000+ 1,000+[42] $3,000,000 [40] Hockey
23 Baseball / Base Ball Namco/Komaya 1969 — 4,000+ $3,000,000 Sports
— Baseball / Base Ball Komaya 1969 — 3,000[38] $2,000,000
Base Ball Namco 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
24 Docking Apollo Namco 1969 — 3,000+ $3,000,000 Lander
— Space Docking Taito 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Docking Apollo Namco 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Apollo-14 Chicago Coin 1971-04 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
25 Mini Drive Kasco 1958 — 3,000+ $3,000,000 Racing
— Mini Drive MA Kasco 1961 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Mini Drive Kasco 1958 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
New Mini Drive Kasco 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
26 Minisoccer Sega 1968 — 3,000+ $3,000,000 Sports
— Mini-Futbol Sega 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Minisoccer Sega 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Soccer Sega 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
27 Red Gun / Marine Gun Kasco 1963 — 3,000+ $3,000,000 Shooter
— Red Gun Kasco 1963 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Marine Gun Kasco 1964 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Birdie Gun Kasco 1965 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
28 Skill Diga Sega 1965 — 3,000+ $3,000,000 Crane
— Super Skill Diga Sega 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Skill Diga Sega 1965 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
'72 Super Skill Diga Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
29 Missile Sega 1969 — 2,656+ $3,000,000 FPS
— Missile Sega 1969 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 [12]
S.A.M.I. Midway 1970‑03 — 356 $400,000
Super Missile Alca 1970-01 — 300+ $400,000
30 Upper Deck Williams 1973-02 1,250 1,250[43] $2,000,000 [43] Sports
31 3-Way Bingo Sega 1973 1,000+ 1,000+[44] $2,000,000 [40] Bingo
32 Clay Shooting Kasco 1973 1,000+ 1,000+ $2,000,000 FPS
33 Flying Ace MCI 1973-04[45] 1,000+[46] 1,000+[35] $2,000,000 [47]
34 Charley Kasco 1973 1,000+ 1,000+ $2,000,000 [39] Music
35 Dax Namco 1972 1,000+ 1,000+[48] $2,000,000 [49] Racing
36 Moto Champ Sega 1973 1,000+[50] 1,000+ $2,000,000 [40]
37 Goal Tender Midway 1973-04[51] 1,000+ 1,000+[35] $2,000,000 [52] Hockey
38 Let's Go Bunny Taito 1973 1,000+ 1,000+ $2,000,000 Pachinko
39 Windmill Kasco 1973 1,000+ 1,000+ $2,000,000
40 Attack Sega 1970 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 Driving
— Attack II Sega 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Attack Sega 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
41 Boozometer Sega / Taito 1968 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 Wire
— Boozometer Sega 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Taito 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
42 Derby Day Sega 1969 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 Racing
— Jockey Club Sega 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Derby Day Sega 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
43 Helicopter Sega 1968 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 Flight
— Eagle Go! Namco 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Helicopter Sega 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
44 Jungle Gun Sega 1961 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 Shooter
— Jungle Gun Sega 1961 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
45 Killer Shark Sega 1972 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 FPS
— Killer Shark Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Sea Devil Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
46 Night / Cycle Rider Sega/Taito 1970 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 Racing
— Night Rider Sega 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Cycle Rider Taito 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
47 Model Car Racing Sega 1965 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 Racing
— Model Car Racing Kit Sega 1965 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Model Car Racing Sega 1966 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
48 Monte Carlo Sega 1971 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 Racing
— Speed Runner Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Monte Carlo Sega 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
49 Rat Patrol Taito 1971 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 FPS
— Desert Patrol Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Rat Patrol Taito 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
50 Safari Taito 1972 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 FPS
— Safari Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Safari Rifle Range Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
51 Target UFO Alca / Sega 1971-10 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 FPS
— Target UFO Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [53]
Alca 1971-10 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [35]
52 Ultra Gun Namco / Kasco 1967 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 FPS
— Ultra Gun Namco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
53 Zero Fighter Namco 1968 — 2,000+ $2,000,000 FPS
— Zero-sen Namco 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Zero Fighter Namco 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
54 Air Attack Sega 1972-01[54] — 1,000+ $2,000,000 [55] FPS
55 Invaders Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $2,000,000
56 Sonar Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $2,000,000
57 Monster Gun Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $2,000,000 [56]
58 Astrodata Sega 1971 — 1,000+ $2,000,000 [55] Card
59 Bank Shot Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $2,000,000 Sports
60 Fortune Computer Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $2,000,000 [55] Card
61 Fun Karts Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $2,000,000 [57] Racing
62 Hockey Game Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $2,000,000 Hockey
63 MotoPolo Sega 1968 — 1,000+ $2,000,000
64 Crane Pick Tokyo 1959 — 1,300+ $1,400,000 Driving
— Car-Shed Tokyo 1963 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [12]
Crane Pick Tokyo 1959 — 300 $400,000
65 Baseball Champ Chicago Coin 1973-03[58] 1,000+ 1,000+[35] $1,000,000 [59] Sports
66 Air Car Namco 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Driving
Crazy Buggy Namco 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Dodgem Crazy Sega 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Go Back Go Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Untouchable Kasco 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Air Fighter Kasco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 FPS
Aquamatic Gun Namco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Balloon Popping Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Battle of the Bulge Namco 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Border Line Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [60]
Bow Gun Corner Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Combat Sega 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Crack Shot Allied 1972-11 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [35]
Dive Bomber Sega 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Ghost Gun Taito 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Gum Deru Gun Namco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Matchlock Sega 1972 — 1,000+[61] $1,000,000 [55]
Rapid Fire Taito 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Rifle Competition Taito 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Rifleman Sega 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Sea Hunt Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Shooting System Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Space Adventure Namco 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Space Monster Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Target Bowling Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [62]
Undersea Fortress Namco 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Western Duel Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Western Hill Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Apollo Ball Taito 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Medal
Colorette Namco 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Skill Ball Sega 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Starlet Namco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Spin Roulette Namco 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Bingolet Namco 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Apple Tree Kasco 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Misc
Fire Carnival Namco 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Fortress of Navarone Namco 1966 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Jack & the Beanstalk Kasco 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Lucky Balloon Taito 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Shuffle Game Namco 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [39]
Silencer Namco 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Archery Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Shooter
Bazooka Cannon Namco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Cannon Ball Taito 1960s — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Challenger Namco 1966 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Gun Fight Sega 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Invaders Midway 1970-10 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Rifle Range Midway 1963 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [35]
Super Sonic Bomber Taito 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Arrow Vending Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Shooting
Cork Vending Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Automatic Unlucky Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Fortune
Auto Viewer Taito 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Viewer
Cineretta Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Stereo Viewer Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Big Strike Bowling Taito 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Bowling
Match Bowler Chicago Coin 1952 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [35]
Pro Bowler Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Control Test Sega 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Wire
Crown Space Man Taito 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Tokaido Drive Sega 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Crazy Ball Taito 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Catcher
Space Ball Kasco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Crown Soccer Taito 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Sports
Sportsman Taito 1966 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Cycle Race Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Racing
Drag Races Allied 1971-06 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [35]
Drivemobile Sega 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Grand National Race Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Motorcycle Chicago Coin 1970-10 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Osomatsu-kun Namco 1966 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Road Runner Bally 1971-08 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Roadway Ride Namco 1963 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Sand Buggy Sega 1972 — 1,000+[61] $1,000,000 [55]
Speed Skier Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $3,000,000
Super Road 7 Taito 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Double Skill Taito 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Coin
Fantasy Taito 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Ball drop
Golden Arm Taito 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Prize
Intelligence Computer Taito 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Quiz
MiniCom Namco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [39]
Janken Machine Namco 1965 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Janken
Jump Ball Kasco 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Skeeball
Skee Ball PTC 1947 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [35]
Love Tester Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [40] Dating
Lunar Rescue Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Space
Magic Card Taito 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Pachinko
Spiral Ball Namco 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Tropicana Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
Rotary Crown Taito 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Slot
Sky Diving Namco 1969 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Flight
Stunt Car Sega 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 Breaker
The Music Clown Kasco 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000 [39] Music

Pinball[]

Rank Title Company Release[63][11] Cabinet sales (est.)[63][11] Gross revenue (est.)[12]
Annual Cume Gross Ref
1 Jack in the Box Gottlieb 1973-02 8,300 8,300 $13,000,000 [64]
2 Jubilee Williams 1973-02 7,303 7,303 $12,000,000
3 Fun-Fest Williams 1972-11 5,833 6,025 $10,000,000
4 Honey Williams 1971-12 — 6,301 $10,000,000
5 Fan-Tas-Tic Williams 1972-06 — 5,680 $9,000,000
6 Monte Carlo Bally 1973-03 5,254 5,254 $8,000,000 [64]
7 Pro-Football Gottlieb 1973-01 4,500 4,500 $8,000,000
8 Jungle Gottlieb 1972-09 1,775 5,775 $8,000,000
9 Stardust Williams 1971-08 — 5,455 $8,000,000
10 Gulfstream Williams 1972-10 4,082 4,175 $7,000,000 [64]
11 Space Time Bally 1972-09 1,000 5,000 $7,000,000
12 Jumping Jack Gottlieb 1973-05 4,975 4,975 $6,000,000
13 Wild Life Gottlieb 1972-11 1,875 3,875 $6,000,000
14 King Rock Gottlieb 1972-04 — 4,000 $6,000,000
15 Fireball Bally 1972-02 — 3,815 $6,000,000
16 Super Star Williams 1972-03 — 3,800 $6,000,000
17 OXO Williams 1973-08 5,000 5,000 $5,000,000 [64]
18 High Hand Gottlieb 1973-07 4,950 4,950 $5,000,000
19 Nip-It Bally 1973-07 4,580 4,580 $5,000,000
20 Darling Williams 1973-04 3,677 3,677 $5,000,000
21 Spanish Eyes Williams / Sega 1971-11 34 3,905 $5,000,000
— Spanish Eyes Williams 1971-11 — 2,871 $4,000,000 [12]
Sega 1972 34 1,034[65] $1,000,000 [40]
22 Super Star Williams / Sega 1972-03 — 3,800 $5,000,000
— Super Star Williams 1972-03 — 2,923 $4,000,000 [12]
Sega 1972 — 877 $1,000,000 [66]
23 Grand Slam Gottlieb 1972-07 — 3,600 $5,000,000
24 King Kool Gottlieb 1972-06 — 3,325 $5,000,000
25 Klondike Williams 1971-08 — 3,302 $5,000,000
26 Swinger Williams 1971-10 — 3,229 $5,000,000
27 Orbit Gottlieb 1971-12 — 3,200 $5,000,000
28 Flying Carpet Gottlieb 1972-01 — 3,170 $5,000,000
29 Top Hand Gottlieb 1973-05 2,889 2,889 $4,000,000 [64]
30 Odds & Evens Bally 1973-03 2,570 2,570 $4,000,000
31 Jungle Life Gottlieb 1972-12 1,731 2,731 $4,000,000
32 Doodle Bug Williams / Sega 1971-03 — 3,006 $4,000,000
— Doodle Bug Williams 1971-03 — 2,006 $3,000,000 [12]
Sega 1971 — 1,000 $1,000,000 [67]
33 Sheriff Gottlieb 1971-09 — 2,900 $4,000,000
34 Drop-A-Card Gottlieb 1971-11 — 2,600 $4,000,000
35 Outer Space Gottlieb 1972-01 — 2,350 $4,000,000
36 Card King Gottlieb 1971-08 — 2,340 $4,000,000
37 Play Pool Gottlieb 1972-08 — 2,339 $4,000,000
38 Hot Shot Gottlieb 1973-09 4,000 4,000 $3,000,000 [64]
39 Time Zone Bally 1973-05 2,500 2,500 $3,000,000
40 Ali Baba Sega 1973 1,000+ 1,000+ $3,000,000 [68]
41 Olympic Hockey Williams / Sega 1971-06 — 2,555 $3,000,000
— Olympic Hockey Williams 1971-06 — 1,601 $2,000,000 [12]
Sega 1972 — 954 $1,000,000
42 4 Square Gottlieb 1971-06 — 2,200 $3,000,000
43 Space Orbit Gottlieb 1972-04 — 2,105 $3,000,000
44 Winner Williams 1971-08 — 2,100 $3,000,000
45 Little Joe Bally 1972-08 — 2,080 $3,000,000
46 El Toro Bally 1972-04 — 2,065 $3,000,000
47 Mariner Bally 1971-11 — 2,000 $3,000,000
48 Texas Ranger Gottlieb 1972-01 — 1,950 $3,000,000
49 The 4 Horsemen Gottlieb 1950-09 — 1,800 $3,000,000 [35]
50 Lawman Gottlieb 1971-10 — 1,750 $3,000,000
51 Hi-Lo Ace Bally 1973-10 2,500 2,500 $2,000,000 [64]
52 Ten-Up Gottlieb 1973-08 2,262 2,262 $2,000,000
53 Tropic Fun Williams 1973-01 1,100 1,100 $2,000,000
54 Galaxy Sega 1973 1,000+ 1,000+ $2,000,000 [69]
55 Line Drive Williams 1972-01 — 1,501 $2,000,000
56 Expressway Bally 1971-08 — 1,555 $2,000,000
57 Roller Coaster Gottlieb 1971-06 — 1,550 $2,000,000
58 Yukon Williams 1971-08 — 1,430 $2,000,000
— Yukon Special Williams 1971-10 — 700 $1,000,000 [12]
Yukon Williams 1971-08 — 730 $1,000,000
59 Sea Ray Bally 1971-09 — 1,300 $2,000,000
60 Big Star Williams 1972-05 — 1,130 $2,000,000
61 Explorer Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $2,000,000
62 Twin Joker Bally 1972-06 — 1,000 $2,000,000
63 Circus Bally 1973-11 2,000 2,000 $1,000,000 [64]
64 King Pin Gottlieb 1973-11 2,000 2,000 $1,000,000
65 Jungle King Gottlieb 1973-05 825 825 $1,000,000
66 Carnival Sega 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
67 Crazy Clock Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
68 Robin Hood Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
69 Surfing Sega 1972 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
70 Play Land Namco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
71 Punch Kasco 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
72 Ronin Namco 1970 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
73 Sapporo Sega 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
74 Thunder-Bird Taito 1967 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
75 Wasshoi Game Kasco 1968 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
76 Winner Sega 1971 — 1,000+ $1,000,000
77 Granada Williams 1972-01 — 875 $1,000,000
78 Pop-A-Card Gottlieb 1972-03 — 825 $1,000,000
79 World Series Gottlieb 1972-08 — 775 $1,000,000
80 Jungle Drums Williams 1971-11 — 750 $1,000,000
81 Zodiac Williams 1971-08 — 704 $1,000,000
82 Stockade Williams 1972-07 — 602 $1,000,000
83 Astro Gottlieb 1971-10 — 500 $1,000,000
84 Pro Pool Gottlieb 1973-12 800 800 $400,000 [64]
85 Dealer's Choice Williams 1973-12 202 202 $100,000
86 Triple Action Williams 1973-11 96 96 $100,000
87 Fore Bally 1973 80 80 $100,000
88 Round Up Bally 1971-07 — 70 $100,000
89 Star Action Williams 1973-12 30 30 $20,000 [64]
90 Wizard Gottlieb 1971-12 — 10 $20,000

Video games[]

Rank Title Company Date[11] Cabinet sales (est.)[70][11][n 1] Gross revenue (est.)[12] Genre
Annual Cume Gross Ref
1 Pong Atari 1972-11[71] 17,000[72] 19,000[73] $100,000,000 [71][4] Pong
2 Paddle Battle Allied 1973-03[74] 17,000 17,000[75] $45,000,000 [74]
3 Tennis Tourney Allied 1973-07[74] 10,000 10,000[76] $19,000,000 [74]
4 TV Tennis Dormer 1973 5,000+[77] 5,000+ $16,000,000 [78]
5 Astro Race Taito 1973-11 1,000+ 1,000+ $16,000,000 [79] Racing
6 Davis Cup [80] Taito 1973-11 1,000+ 1,000+[79] $16,000,000 [79] Pong
7 Elepong [80] Taito 1973-07 1,000+ 1,000+[81] $16,000,000
8 Pro Hockey Taito 1973-11 1,000+ 1,000+ $16,000,000
9 Soccer Taito 1973-11 1,000+ 1,000+[79] $16,000,000
10 TV Davis Cup Kasco 1973[82] 1,000+ 1,000+ $16,000,000 [19][79]
11 Winner Midway 1973-04[83] 7,000 7,000 $15,000,000 [84] Pong
12 Pro Tennis Williams 1973-11[85] 7,000 7,000 $9,000,000 [86]
13 Ping-Pong Alca 1973-03[13] 3,000[13] 3,000 $8,000,000 [13]
14 TV Ping Pong Chicago 1973-04[87] 3,300[88] 3,300 $5,000,000 [88]
15 Tele-Tennis Pong COPS 1973-07[13] 2,000[13] 2,000 $5,000,000 [13]
16 Super Soccer Allied 1973-11[89] 5,000 5,000 $4,000,000 [90]
17 Gotcha Atari 1973-10[71] 3,000 3,000 $4,000,000 [71] Maze
18 Pong-Tron Sega 1973-07 2,000 2,000 $4,000,000 Pong
— Pong-Tron [91] Sega 1973-07 1,000[92] 1,000[93] $2,000,000 [94]
Pong-Tron II Sega 1973-11 1,000[92] 1,000[93] $2,000,000
19 Space Ball Nutting 1973-01[95] 1,500[96] 1,500 $4,000,000 [97] Pong
20 Asteroid Midway 1973-10[98] 2,000 2,000 $3,000,000 [71] Racing
21 Space Race Atari 1973-07[71] 1,500 1,500 $3,000,000 [71]
22 Rally For-Play 1973-03[89] 1,200[99] 1,200 $3,000,000 [84] Pong
23 Hockey TV Sega 1973-11 1,000+ 1,000+[92] $2,000,000 [94]
24 TV Tennis Chicago 1973-08[89] 1,000[88] 1,000 $2,000,000 [88]
25 Volley Ramtek 1973-03[100] 1,000 1,000 $2,000,000 [90]
26 Computer Space Syzygy 1971-08 500 1,500[101] $2,000,000 [102] Shooter
27 Hockey Ramtek 1973-11[103] 1,000 1,000 $1,000,000 [90] Pong
28 Olympic TV Hockey Chicago 1973-11[104] 750[88] 750 $1,000,000 [88]
29 Pong Doubles Atari 1973-09[71] 500 500 $1,000,000 [71]
30 Elimination Kee Games 1973-10[71] 500 500 $1,000,000
31 Champion Ping Pong Mirco 1973-11[105] 450 450 $1,000,000
32 TV Tennis US Billiards 1973-10[106] 300 300 $400,000 [71]
33 Tele-Soccer BAC 1973-11[107] 250 250 $400,000 [71]
34 TV Hockey Amutronics 1973-12[89] 250 250 $400,000 [90]
35 Sport Center For-Play 1973-11[108] 200 200 $200,000 [109]
36 Pong Fun Games Fun Games 1972 — 100+ $200,000
37 Pub Pong LAI Games 1972 — 100+ $200,000
38 Wimbledon Nutting 1973-11[95] 100 100 $100,000 [71]
39 Barrel-Pong Hunter 1972 — 40[110] $100,000
40 Playtron Kasco 1973 2 2 $10,000 [111] Action
41 Galaxy Game Stanford 1971-11 — 2 $4,000 [112] Shooter

Best-selling home console[]

Console Manufacturer Generation Unit sales Gross revenue (est.)
Annual Cume
Magnavox Odyssey Magnavox First 89,000[113] 158,000[14] $7,000,000[14]

Notes[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 In Japan, between 500,000–700,000 arcade machines were on location by 1973.[1] By 1972, Japan's largest arcade game manufacturer was Sega, followed by Taito and then Namco.[2] Each arcade game from Kasco typically shipped about 1,000 units per year.[15] Each arcade game from Kasco typically shipped about 1,000 units in a year.[16] Each arcade game from Sega, Taito, Namco and Kasco is thus estimated to have sold at least 1,000 units.
  2. ↑ 東京中機 Tokyo Chūki

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Smith, Alexander (19 November 2019). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971–1982. CRC Press. pp. 176–7. ISBN 978-0-429-75261-2.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 https://www.cesa.or.jp/genealogy/nakafuji/nakafuji01.html
  3. ↑ To Authorize a Change in the Composition of the One-cent Coin: Hearing, Ninety-third Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 11841 ... March 27, 1974. United States Congress House Committee on Banking and Currency Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs (U.S. Government Printing Office). 1974. p. 137.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Time, Volume 103. April 1974. p. 77. Atari sold some 8,500 games to U.S. amusement parlors and other businesses last year, in addition to a substantial overseas trade. Pong is played on a standard television to which a simple circuit board has been added. (...) Pong games frequently take in $200 to $300 per week. Each game costs a quarter, v. only a dime for most pinball machines; the total take from all the machines now in play is estimated at more than $900 million annually.
    At least 18 U.S. firms and 23 European companies are fighting for a share of the more than $60 million that industry sources expect to rack up this year from selling electronic games.
  5. ↑ Annual Survey of Manufactures • 1973. U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. October 1975. p. 35.
  6. ↑ Annual Survey of Manufactures: 1974. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. November 1976. p. 34.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 情報メディア白書 [Information Media White Paper]. Dentsu Institute. 2010. p. 293. 産業興行収入市場規模営業収入営業収入全体ビデオゲームアーケードゲーム中短波 FM (Box office revenue, Market size, Operating revenue, Total operating revenue, Video games, Arcade games, Medium and shortwave FM) ... 1965 755 152 713 1,090 4,843 1966 758 174 752 1,266 5,760 1967 789 214 788 1,530 6,793 1968 820 254 792 1,736 7,843 1969 838 323 0 848 2,206 9,305 1970 825 398 13 921 2,691 10,802 1971 793 430 17 1,010 2,893 12,649 1972 770 482 1,100 3,333 14,828 1973 927 580 235 24 1,187 4,018 17,344 1974 1,171 628 46 1,258 4,442 19,171 1975 1,308 683 52 1,314 4,856 21,555 1976 1,457 790 65 1,915 5,809 25,714 1977 1,524 892 83 2,091 6,512 34,784 1978 1,605 1,006 97 2,141 7,362 37,058 1979 1,582 1,164 115 2,191 8,326 39,255 1980 1,659 1,263 131 2,714 8,687 41,008 1981 1,633 1,347 143 2,816 9,284 42,625 1982 1,695 2,780 4,500 1,391 180 2,877 9,967 44,611 1983 1,863 3,860 4,570 1,450 237 2,926 10,713 46,915
  8. ↑ "Variegated Amusement Machines: Changing Almost Daily". Business Japan. Vol. 18, no. 7–12. Nihon Kogyo Shimbun. July 1973. p. 44. Supported by unprecedented economic prosperity, the Japanese leisure industry has been expanding at a high rate. (...) Of these types of leisure-related industries, businesses centered on amusement equipment have a long history, existing even before WWII. However, it was not until 1965 that this type of business became popular, and established the foundation for an industry. Today, the main related trade associations are the All Japan Amusement Association (Chairman; Akio Nakanishi) and the Japan Amusement Facility Association (Chairman: Kiichi Endo), which deal with large entertainment equipment for amusement parks. About 90 manufacturers and 500 operators belong to these associations in Japan. It is said that there are as many as 2,000 operators including small or medium sized companies, and many manufacturers are also operators. The machines now being operated in Japan include 500,000 small machines such as game, ride and prize machines, 70,000 juke boxes and 2,000 large entertainment machines. The industry now has a firm foundation for maintaining a business of ¥100,000 million per year. These machines are no longer novel since they are installed all over Japan. However, due to the improved quality of games and rides and to a supply of new types of amusement equipment, everyone—children and adults—can easily enjoy these types of amusements. Thus, the industry has established a firm foundation. There are many types of amusement machines, and a slight modification may make a machine entirely new. These machines can generally be classified into the following ten types:
    Rides (...)
    Vehicles (...)
    Games of skill—Game machines which are designed to test the skill of the operator in some way.
    Tests of strengh (...)
    Games of chance (...)
    Visual displays—Amusement machines which show pictures projected from slides or films.
    Mechanical displays—Machines that appeal by interesting shapes and movements.
    Intelligence facilities—Machines which supply logical information.
    Juke boxes (...)
    Shooting galleries—Machines for shooting at targets. The number of amusement machines produced thus far is 30,000-50,000. (...)
    Manufacturers are, of course, exerting efforts to develop machines which are popular, provide interesting games and contribute to larger sales. The type of machine which is now most popular is the game of skill, involving, for example, shooting to down enemy airplanes or passing other cars with a model car driven on a simulated highway. In the latter case, if it is impossible to pass, the car is blown into the air, flips over, and finally crashes on the highway. This action is accompanied by actual sounds, lights and impact effects.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Amusement Trade Fair - Colour". British Movietone. February 8, 1976. Retrieved 2023-12-03.
  10. ↑ "Video Game Sales: 1972-1999". Gaming Alexandria. June 7, 2021.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 1972
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 12.23 12.24 12.25 12.26 12.27 12.28 12.29 12.30 12.31 12.32 12.33 12.34 12.35 12.36 12.37 "1973 Amusement Machine Route Survey" (PDF). Cash Box. 1973-11-10. p. 82. (Alternate URL)
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Meades, Alan (2022-10-25). "5: Pings, Pongs, and Pioneers". Arcade Britannia: A Social History of the British Amusement Arcade. The MIT Press. pp. 121–44. ISBN 978-0-262-37234-3.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "How Many Units Were Sold? Playing the Numbers Game with Video Games". The History of How We Play. 2020-03-20. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  15. ↑ https://shmuplations.com/kasco/
  16. ↑ https://shmuplations.com/kasco/
  17. ↑ Oh, the shape we're in (September 1979)
  18. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1974/CB-1974-07-06-I.pdf#page=30
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Kasco and the Electro-Mechanical Golden Age: Former Kansai Seisakusho Staff Interview" (キャスコの時代 ～元・関西製作所スタッフインタビュー～). Classic Videogame Station Odyssey. 2001. Archived from the original on 22 June 2003. Retrieved 16 April 2021. (Translation)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 1975
  21. ↑ https://www.platinumgames.com/official-blog/article/10503
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 F1 (エレメカ)
  23. ↑ "Kasco no Jidai ~ Moto Kansai Seisakusho Staff Interview ~ (Kasco and the Electro-Mechanical Golden Age ~Former Kansai Seisakusho Staff Interview~)" (キャスコの時代 ～元・関西製作所スタッフインタビュー～). Classic Videogame Station Odyssey (in Japanese). 2001. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  24. ↑ "レーザー・クレーで脚光浴びる任天堂". 中部財界 (中部財界社) 16 (5): 29. 1973.
  25. ↑ 山崎, 功 (2022-04-05). "異業種参入で失速した任天堂 玩具、ゲーム機でV字回復に至るまで". 日経ビジネス電子版 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-04-17.
  26. ↑ https://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com/2015/06/08/historical-interlude-the-history-of-coin-op-part-6-a-technological-revolution/
  27. ↑ Smith, Alexander (19 November 2019). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971-1982. CRC Press. pp. 192–5. ISBN 978-0-429-75261-2.
  28. ↑ https://earlyarcadesjapan.blogspot.com/2023/06/1972-flying-ducks-by-kansai-seiki-kasco.html
  29. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-09-15.pdf#page=53
  30. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-09-29.pdf#page=56
  31. ↑ https://www.arcadepartyrental.com/classic-arcade-games-rental/midway-duck-hunt-shooting/
  32. ↑ https://elibrary.arcade-museum.com/Marketplace/1975-December/35
  33. ↑ Price List (PDF). Sega. 1972-09-01. p. 13.
  34. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-01-13.pdf#page=35
  35. ↑ 35.00 35.01 35.02 35.03 35.04 35.05 35.06 35.07 35.08 35.09 35.10 "The Nation's Top Arcade Games". RePlay. March 1976.
  36. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-03-03.pdf#page=68
  37. ↑ Price List (PDF). Sega. 1973-01-01. p. 6.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 https://earlyarcadesjapan.blogspot.com/2022/04/1970-15-2nd-version-crazy-15-by-komaya.html
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 https://earlyarcadesjapan.blogspot.com/2024/07/price-list-from-nakamura-seisakusho.html
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.6 Price List (PDF). Sega. 1977-05-01. p. 7.
  41. ↑ https://pinballnovice.blogspot.com/2022/12/exploring-arcade-in-wanpaku-bangaichi.html
  42. ↑ https://www.sega.jp/history/arcade/product/7327
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=2708
  44. ↑ Smith, Alexander (19 November 2019). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971–1982. CRC Press. pp. 268–9. ISBN 978-0-429-75261-2.
  45. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-04-28.pdf#page=49
  46. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-07-28.pdf#page=46
  47. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1976/Cash-Box-1976-05-22.pdf#page=53
  48. ↑ https://www.bandainamcoent.co.jp/corporate/history/namco/
  49. ↑ https://www.bandainamcoent.co.jp/corporate/bnours/nours/vol45/pdf/45_03_11.pdf
  50. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-08-04.pdf#page=54
  51. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-04-28.pdf#page=48
  52. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1974/CB-1974-07-13.pdf#page=28
  53. ↑ https://thetastates.com/eremeka/eremekaDisplay.php?search=yes&nameSearch=Target+UFO
  54. ↑ https://retrocdn.net/images/c/cf/CashBox_US_1973-08-18.pdf#page=54
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 55.4 Price List (PDF). Sega. 1972-09-01. p. 6.
  56. ↑ Price List (PDF). Sega. 1972-09-01. p. 9.
  57. ↑ Price List (PDF). Sega. 1973-01-01. p. 13.
  58. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-03-31.pdf#page=56
  59. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1974/CB-1974-11-30.pdf#page=38
  60. ↑ https://pinballnovice.blogspot.com/2022/07/exploring-arcades-in-few-japanese-tv.html
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 https://pinballnovice.blogspot.com/2022/02/exploring-arcade-in-aiyoku-no-wana-aka.html
  62. ↑ https://pinballnovice.blogspot.com/2022/02/exploring-arcade-in-aiyoku-no-wana-aka.html
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Internet Pinball Database
  64. ↑ 64.00 64.01 64.02 64.03 64.04 64.05 64.06 64.07 64.08 64.09 https://books.google.com/books?id=lFVFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA725
  65. ↑ https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=2265
  66. ↑ Price List (PDF). Sega. 1972-09-01. p. 5.
  67. ↑ Price List (PDF). Sega. 1977-05-01. p. 16.
  68. ↑ Price List (PDF). Sega. 1973-01-01. p. 5.
  69. ↑ Price List (PDF). Sega. 1977-05-01. p. 4.
  70. ↑ Baer, Ralph H. (2005). Videogames: In the Beginning. Rolenta Press. pp. 10–3. ISBN 978-0-9643848-1-1.
  71. ↑ 71.00 71.01 71.02 71.03 71.04 71.05 71.06 71.07 71.08 71.09 71.10 71.11 71.12 "Production Numbers" (PDF). Atari Games. 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-20. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  72. ↑ The Effects of Video Games on Children: The Myth Unmasked. 1998. p. 12.
  73. ↑ Ashley S. Lipson & Robert D. Brain (2009), Computer and Video Game Law: Cases and Materials, Carolina Academic Press, p. 9, ISBN 1-59460-488-6, retrieved 2011-04-11, Atari eventually sold more than 19,000 Pong machines, giving rise to many imitations. Pong made its first appearance in 1972 at "Andy Capp's," a small bar in Sunnyvale, California, where the video game was literally "overplayed" as eager customers tried to cram quarters into an already heavily overloaded coin slot.
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 The Ultimate (So Far) History of Allied Leisure/Centuri - Part 2
  75. ↑ What Was The Best-Selling U.S. Arcade Video Game Prior to Space Invaders? (The Golden Age Arcade Historian)
  76. ↑ https://www.centuri.net/allied.htm
  77. ↑ Wolverhampton Express and Star (3 December 1973)
  78. ↑ When did video games appear in pubs – and where did they go?
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 79.3 79.4 https://shmuplations.com/nishikado/
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 https://pinballnovice.blogspot.com/2022/07/exploring-arcades-in-few-japanese-tv.html
  81. ↑ Smith, Alexander (19 November 2019). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971–1982. CRC Press. pp. 177–9. ISBN 978-0-429-75261-2.
  82. ↑ https://www.arcade-history.com/?n=tv-davis-cup&page=detail&id=127368
  83. ↑ https://www.arcade-history.com/?n=winner&page=detail&id=4750
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1974/CB-1974-02-02.pdf#page=53
  85. ↑ https://www.arcade-history.com/?n=pro-tennis&page=detail&id=4810
  86. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1974/CB-1974-07-27.pdf#page=38
  87. ↑ Akagi, Masumi (1971–2005). アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編 (Arcade TV Game List: Domestic • Overseas Edition). Japan: Amusement News Agency (published 13 October 2006). pp. 114–5. ISBN 978-4990251215.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 88.3 88.4 88.5 "Stern Electronics, Inc.". 1977-07-11 Notice Of Motion. 1977-07-11.
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 89.3 https://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2015/04/the-etymology-of-term-video-game.html
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 90.2 90.3 https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1974/CB-1974-06-01.pdf#page=36
  91. ↑ https://pinballnovice.blogspot.com/2022/02/exploring-arcade-in-aiyoku-no-wana-aka.html
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 Smith, Alexander (19 November 2019). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971–1982. CRC Press. pp. 177–9, 268–9. ISBN 978-0-429-75261-2.
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 1976
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 Price List (PDF). Sega. 1977-05-01. p. 5.
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 https://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2016/06/the-ultimate-so-far-history-of-nutting_21.html
  96. ↑ https://t-lcarchive.org/nutting-associates-computer-space-ball/
  97. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-08-18.pdf#page=48
  98. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-10-06.pdf#page=48
  99. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-09-01.pdf#page=43
  100. ↑ https://www.igdb.com/games/volly
  101. ↑ Smith, pp. 129–135
  102. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-02-03.pdf#page=53
  103. ↑ https://www.igdb.com/games/hockey--1
  104. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-11-10.pdf#page=70
  105. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1974/CB-1974-02-16.pdf#page=56
  106. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-10-27.pdf#page=65
  107. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1973/Cash-Box-1973-11-24.pdf#page=51
  108. ↑ Akagi, Masumi (1971–2005). アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編 (Arcade TV Game List: Domestic • Overseas Edition). Japan: Amusement News Agency (published 13 October 2006). pp. 116–7. ISBN 978-4990251215.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  109. ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1975/CB-1975-02-15.pdf#page=40
  110. ↑ https://mcurrent.name/atarihistory/syzygy.html
  111. ↑ Kasco and the Electro-Mechanical Golden Age (Interview), Classic Videogame Station ODYSSEY, 2001
  112. ↑ https://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2013/03/galaxy-game.html
  113. ↑ Smith, Alexander (2019). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971-1982. CRC Press. pp. 151–153. ISBN 978-1-138-38990-8.

Sources[]

  • DeMaria, Rusel; Wilson, Johnny L. (December 2003). High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games (2nd ed.). McGraw Hill/Osborne. ISBN 978-0-07-223172-4.
  • Donovan, Tristan (April 20, 2010). Replay: The History of Video Games. Yellow Ant. ISBN 978-0-9565072-0-4.
  • Goldberg, Marty; Vendel, Curt (November 25, 2012). Atari Inc.: Business Is Fun. Syzygy Press. ISBN 978-0-9855974-0-5.
  • Kent, Steven L. (September 6, 2001). The Ultimate History of Video Games. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-7615-3643-7.
  • Rutter, Jason; Bryce, Jo (May 9, 2006). Understanding Digital Games. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-0034-8.
  • Smith, Alexander (November 27, 2019). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry. Vol. 1: 1971 – 1982. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-138-38990-8.
  • Wilson, Jason (May 12, 2015). Swalwell, Melanie; Wilson, Jason (eds.). The Pleasures of Computer Gaming: Essays on Cultural History, Theory and Aesthetics. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-5120-3.
  • Wolf, Mark J. P. (August 16, 2012). Encyclopedia of Video Games. Vol. 1: A-L. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-1-78539-484-3.
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.